适宜机械化种植的花生高产品种筛选与评价  

Screening and Evaluation of High Yield Peanut Varieties for Mechanized Planting Properties

作　　者：丁红 张冠初 许静 修明霞 徐扬 郭庆 张智猛 于遒功[3] DING Hong;ZHANG Guan-chu;XU Jing;XIU Ming-xia;XU Yang;GUO Qing;ZHANG Zhi-meng;YU Qiu-gong(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Rushan City Fruit Tea Silkworm Workstation,Rushan 264500,China;Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100 [2]威海市乳山市果茶蚕工作站,山东乳山264500 [3]青岛市农业科学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《花生学报》2022年第2期16-24,共9页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000901);山东省花生产业技术体系(SDAIT-04-06);山东省农业科学院创新工程(CXGC2022A21);山东省重大科技创新工程(2019JZZY010702);山东省科技特派员行动计划项目(2020KJTPY069)。

摘　　要：不同花生品种的农艺性状、荚果力学特性及产量是影响花生机械化作业和生产效率的重要性状指标。本研究对黄淮海花生产区18个花生品种进行了农艺性状、产量构成和荚果力学特性的测定。结果表明,18个品种的农艺性状的变异系数较小,单株双仁果数和饱果数是具有较高单株产量的基础。不同品种的果柄强度变异系数较大(6.46~16.29N),荚果侧压破壳力>立压>正压,3个方向的荚果破壳力两两之间均存在极显著差异。植株农艺性状、产量构成及荚果力学特性的15个性状和机械播种与收获的7个性状分别综合成为5个和4个主成分因子,累计贡献率分别为84.48%和81.63%;通过主成分分析综合得分筛选出花育917、花育60、花育50、菏花11、花育965和花育51号6个品种为适宜机械化生产的高产品种。本研究为筛选和培育适宜机械化种植的花生品种提供了理论基础。The agronomic characters, pod mechanical properties and yield of different peanut varieties are important indicators affecting peanut mechanization and production efficiency. The agronomic characters, yield components and pod mechanical properties of 18 peanut varieties mainly planted in Huang-Huai-Hai production area were determined. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of agronomic characters of 18 varieties was small, and double-kernel fruit number and full-fruit number per plant were the basis for higher yield per plant. The coefficient of variation of peg strength of different varieties was large(6.46-16.29 N), and the pod rupture force was minimized when they were in transverse position and was maximized when they were in lateral position. There were very significant differences in pod rupture force from three directions. 15 aspects of peanut agronomic traits, yield composition and pod mechanical properties, and the 7 traits of mechanical sowing and harvest were integrated into 5 and 4 principal component factors respectively, and the cumulative contribution rates were 84.48% and 81.63% respectively. Six peanut varieties suitable for mechanized production, such as Huayu917, Huayu60, Huayu50, Hehua11, Huayu965 and Huayu51 were selected by comprehensive ranking of comprehensive scores through two principal component analysis. This study could provide a theoretical basis for screening and cultivating peanut varieties suitable for mechanized planting.

关 键 词：花生 农艺性状 果柄强度 机械化收获 品种筛选 

分 类 号：S565.204.8[农业科学—作物学] S326