高产优质抗病花生新品种莆花45的选育及其生育特性  

Breeding and Growth Characteristics of High-yield,High-quality,Disease-resistant Peanut Puhua 45

作　　者：郑国栋[1] 龚屾 黄金堂[1] 黄炎霞 陈海玲[1] ZHENG Guodong;GONG Shen;HUANG Jintang;HUANG Yanxia;CHEN Hailing(Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Putian,Fujian 351106,China)

机构地区：[1]莆田市农业科学研究所,福建莆田351106

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2022年第4期460-466,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技计划引导性项目(2021N0040、2017N0036);莆田市科技计划项目(2019NJJ004)。

摘　　要：【目的】培育适应福建地区种植的高产抗病的花生新品种,研究该品种生育特性,推广配套栽培技术,获得高产优质,以提高花生经济与生态效益。【方法】以高产优质花生品种湘花120作为母本,高产抗病花生品种泉花10号为父本进行杂交,杂交后代经多年筛选稳定品系,经品系鉴定和品比试验,参加福建省春花生新品种区域试验,选育出高产优质抗病花生新品种莆花45。【结果】2015–2016年莆花45参加福建省花生新品种区域试验,荚果产量3787.05 kg·hm^(-2),比对照泉花7号增产9.09%,籽仁产量2559.00 kg·hm^(-2),比对照增产7.69%。粗脂肪含量53.08%,蛋白质含量26.3%,油酸含量47.8%,亚油酸含量31.6%,O/L值为1.51。该品种属珍珠豆型品种,植株紧凑直立,生长势强,中抗青枯病、锈病及叶斑病,于2020年1月21日通过国家非主要农作物品种登记[GPD(2019)350271]。生育特性研究结果表明,莆花45开花集中,有效花率高,结果数多、结荚性能好,叶面积指数(LAl)较大、净同化率(NAR)高、叶绿素含量高、干物质积累多,各项指标均比对照高。【结论】莆花45表现高产、优质、抗病等优良特性,具有良好生育特性,适宜在福建各地推广种植。【Objective】A high-yield,high-quality,disease-resistant peanut variety was bred,and its growth characteristics and cultivation in Fujian studied.【Method】Years of directional selection were carried out by crossing between the highyield,high-quality peanut Xianghua 120 as female parent and the disease-resistant Quanhua No.10 as male parent.The final hybrid cultivar obtained was subjected to field trials and the spring peanut regional tests in Fujian.【Results】In the provincial tests from 2015 to 2016,the newly bred Puhua 45 showed a pod yield of 3787.05 kg·hm^(-2)and a kernel yield of 2559.00 kg·hm^(-2),which were 9.09%and 7.69%higher,respectively,than those of the reference.Nutritionally,it contained53.08%crude fat,26.3%protein,47.8%oleic acid,31.6%linoleic acid,and with an O/L ratio of 1.51.Compact in plant type and upright on standing,Puhua 45 grew with vigor and was moderately resistant to bacterial wilt,rust,and leaf spot.It had passed the national non-major crop variety registration[GPA(2019)350271]in January 2021.Its outstanding physiological and agronomical characteristics that were superior to the reference included the more concentrated blooming period and pods per plant,and the higher effective flowering rate,leaf area index,net assimilation rate,chlorophyll content,and dry matter accumulation.【Conclusion】In addition to high-yield,high-quality,and disease-resistance,Puhua 45 exhibited many desirable properties and should be promoted for peanut cultivation in Fujian.

关 键 词：花生 莆花45 新品种 选育 生育特性 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]