青年黑格尔派宗教批判原则演进的思想史逻辑及路径  

Logic and Changes of Young Hegelians’ Critiques of Religion

作　　者：刘文艺 LIU Wen-yi(College of Marxism,Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510632)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第2期137-147,共11页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社科一般项目“资本批判视域下的马克思民生思想研究”(2019YJC710045);暨南大学马克思主义学院资助项目“青年马克思走向政治经济学研究的阶级视域及意义”(16jdmks03)。

摘　　要：青年黑格尔派思想活动的主要内容是宗教批判。这作为一条主线贯穿其思想演绎和历史发展的始终。像之前欧洲启蒙运动的先驱一样,他们试图通过宗教批判,将异化为天国的“神圣世界”还原为人间的“世俗世界”,把“神性”还原为“人性”,以彰举“世俗生活”的基础性地位和价值。在此过程中,青年黑格尔派的宗教批判原则也历经演化,呈现出由“宗教是团体无意识的神话表达”到“宗教是个体自我意识的主观虚构”,再向“宗教是‘类’本质的自我异化”演进的逻辑特征。青年黑格尔派宗教批判逻辑所展现出来的“滤洗”基督教教条中的超自然成分、否定基督教历史的一般合法性和颠覆神圣世界的理性支柱,亦即把“人的世界还给人”的激进历程,不仅为青年马克思走向科学的宗教批判开辟了道路,而且为青年马克思由“宗教批判”经“社会-政治批判”走向“政治经济学批判”,进而发现历史唯物主义提供了重要的理论启迪。The main content of the young Hegelians’ ideological activities is critiques of religion, on which its whole history revolves. Like the pioneers of the Enlightenment movement in Europe, they attempted to restore the alienated“divine world” of heaven back to the “secular world” on the earth and “divinity” to “humanity” through critiques of religion, so as to highlight the fundamental status and value of “secular life”. In this process, Young Hegelians’ principle of religious criticism underwent some changes from criticizing “religion is the unconscious mythological expression of the group” to attacking “religion is the subjective fiction of individual self-consciousness”, and then to asserting the idea that“religion is the alienation human nature”. Religious criticism of young Hegelians “filter out” supernatural elements in the Christian doctrine, deny the legitimacy of Christian history and remove the rational basis from the divine world(namely,returning man’s world to man). This radical process not only paved the way for young Karl Marx’s scientific critique of religion, but also provided important theoretical inspiration for Karl Marx to proceed from “religious criticism” to “socialpolitical criticism” and “political economic criticism”, and then to discover historical materialism.

关 键 词：青年黑格尔派 宗教批判 世俗世界 神话 个体自我意识 自我异化 

分 类 号：B916[哲学宗教—宗教学]