空间工作记忆容量对足球运动员进攻战术决策视觉信息加工的影响  

Effects of spatial working memory capacity on visual information processing of football players'offensive tactics decision

作　　者：史鹏 吕中凡[2,3] 王国动 魏征 孙金月 章冬杨 张铎耀 Shi Peng;LüZhongfan;Wang Guodong;Wei Zheng;Sun Jinyue;Zhang Dongyang;Zhang Duoyao(School of Physical Education and Sport Training,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Physical Education College,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China;Sports Human Science Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438 [2]辽宁师范大学体育学院,大连116029 [3]辽宁省运动人体科学重点实验室,大连116029

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期150-156,共7页Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅人文社科青年项目(WQ2020012);辽宁师范大学研究生创新创业资助项目(2020cx20)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨空间工作记忆(spatial working memory,SWM)容量对足球运动员进攻战术决策视觉信息加工的影响.[方法]通过回忆报告范式测量被试SWM容量,将被试划分为高容量组和低容量组,以“3V2”真实比赛录像还原拍摄成的视频为刺激材料,采用Dikablis Professional头戴式眼动仪,配合D-lab软件记录和处理眼动参数和决策反应时,邀请专家分别独立对决策合理性进行赋分,采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析.[结果]1)高容量组战术决策的反应时间显著性长于低容量组(p<0.01);高容量组和低容量组不存在显著性差异(p>0.589);2)高容量组和低容量组总的注视次数、扫视次数和眼跳角度不存在显著性差异(p>0.05);3)高容量组在空当的注视次数、注视时间和注视分配上显著性多于低容量组(p<0.05),在远端攻防球员的眼跳角度显著性小于低容量组(p<0.05).[结论]高容量运动员战术决策反应时高的原因在于其采用“平行-系列”视觉搜索策略,对空当投入更多的注视;低容量运动员战术决策反应时高的原因在于其采用“系列化”视觉搜索策略,能够对关键兴趣区域进行有效预判.[Purpose]To explore the influence of spatial working memory(SWM)capacity on the visual information processing of football players'offensive tactical decision-making.[Method]Subjects were selected to measure their SWM capacity through the recall report paradigm.The subjects were divided into high-capacity group and low-capacity group.The video restored from the"3V2"real game video was used as the stimulation material.Dikablis professional head mounted eye tracker was used to record and process the eye movement parameters and decision-making response with D-Lab software,Experts are invited to independently score the rationality of decision-making,and SPSS 25.0 software is used for statistical analysis.[Result]1)The reaction time of tactical decision-making in high-volume group was significantly longer than that in low-volume group(p<0.01);There was no significant difference between high volume group and low volume group(p>0.589);2)There was no significant difference between high volume group and low volume group in total fixation times,saccade times and saccade distance(p>0.05);3)The fixation times,fixation time and fixation distribution of high-capacity group were significantly higher than those of low-capacity group(p<0.05),and the saccade angle of AOI of distal offensive and defensive players was significantly lower than that of low-capacity group(p<0.05).[Conclusion]The reason for the high response time of high-capacity athletes'tactical decision-making is that they adopt the"parallel series"visual search strategy and pay more attention to the empty;the reason for the high response time of low-capacity athletes'tactical decision-making is that they can effectively predict the key aera of interest by using the"series"visual search strategy.

关 键 词：空间工作记忆容量 战术决策 视觉搜索 足球 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]