基于RS与GIS的水土保持生态功能区生态状况评估  

Ecological Status Evaluation of Ecological Function Area of Water and Soil Conservation Based on RS and GIS

作　　者：刘冰[1] 张斌[1] 廖俊杰[1] 茹曼 LIU Bing;ZHANG Bin;LIAO Jun-jie;RU Man(Henan Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center,Zhengzhou,Henan 450053,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省航空物探遥感中心,河南郑州450053

出　　处：《环境监测管理与技术》2022年第3期35-39,共5页The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查基金资助项目(DD20190269);河南省地质矿产勘查开发局地质科研基金资助项目(豫地矿科研﹝2017﹞14号,豫地矿科研﹝2019﹞13号)。

摘　　要：以河南省大别山水土保持国家重点生态功能区为研究区,基于RS与GIS获取2012年和2017年研究区植被覆盖、土地利用、土壤侵蚀等遥感解译数据,从生态功能、生态结构和生态压力3个方面,采用综合指数法,对研究区生态状况进行动态监测与评价。结果表明,2012—2017年间,研究区土地利用结构发生较明显的变化,林草地覆盖率上升9.85%,耕地和建设用地面积比上升13.23%,水域湿地面积比变化不大;植被覆盖指数上升62.74%,中度以上土壤侵蚀面积比略有增加;生态状况变化度ΔF=4.95,整体生态状况等级由良变为优,生态状况变化度评级为显著变好。Taking Dabie Mountain national key ecological function area of Water and Soil Conservation in Henan Province as the study area,the remote sensing interpretation data of vegetation cover,land use and soil erosion in the study area in 2012 and 2017 were obtained based on RS and GIS.The ecological status of the study area was dynamically monitored and evaluated by using the comprehensive index method from the three aspects of ecological function,ecological structure and ecological pressure.The results showed that the land-use structure in the study area changed significantly from 2012 to 2017.The coverage of forest and grassland increased by 9.85%,the area ratio of cultivated land to construction land increased by 13.23%.The area ratio of water area to wetland changed little.The vegetation cover index increased by 62.74%.The area ratio of soil erosion above moderate increased slightly.The change degree of ecological status ΔF=4.95,the overall ecological status grade changed from good to excellent,and the change degree of ecological status was rated as significantly better.

关 键 词：水土保持 生态功能区 生态状况评估 遥感 地理信息系统 大别山 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826