追氮时期对强筋小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of nitrogen topdressing timing on microbial community structure in strong gluten wheat rhizosphere soil

作　　者：付博阳 张钧浩 杨明晓 许华森 彭正萍[1] 薛澄 FU Boyang;ZHANG Junhao;YANG Mingxiao;XU Huasen;PENG Zhengping;XUE Cheng(State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/资源与环境科学学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2022年第3期1-8,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室自主课题(NCCIR2021ZZ-8);国家自然科学基金(31801931);河北省普通高等学校青年拔尖人才计划项目(BJ2020026)。

摘　　要：土壤中氮素状况是导致土壤微生物多样性和群落结构变化的主要因素之一,为探究不同追氮时期对小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响,于2017-2020年进行大田试验,设置了不施氮(N_(0))、基施氮+拔节期追氮(N_(E))、基施氮+拔节期追氮+孕穗期追氮(N_(B))、基施氮+拔节期追氮+抽穗期追氮(N_(H))、基施氮+拔节期追氮+开花期追氮(N_(F))5个处理,利用高通量测序技术对小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构变化进行分析。结果表明:与不施氮处理相比,氮肥施用降低了土壤细菌群落α-多样性,而对真菌群落α-多样性无明显影响;不同追氮时期各处理间微生物群落Sobs值、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、ACE指数和Chao 1指数均无显著差异。此外,施氮使土壤中绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)的相对丰度降低,并提高了土壤中赤霉菌属(Gibberella)、帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)和链格孢属(Alternaria)的相对丰度;与无后期追氮处理相比,开花期追氮处理的疣微菌门的相对丰度显著降低56.9%。此外,追氮时期对小麦根际真菌群落结构无明显影响。因此,追氮时期对强筋小麦土壤微生物多样性没有显著影响,开花期追氮较无后期追氮处理降低了抗生素合成相关的疣微菌门相对丰度。Soil nitrogen(N)status is one of the main factors leading to changes in soil microbial diversity and community structure.In order to explore the effects of N topdressing timing on microbial community structure in wheat rhizosphere soil,a field experiment was conducted from 2017-2020,including five treatment:no N application(N_(0)),N topdressing at stem elongating stages(N_(E)),stem elongating and booting stages(N_(B)),stem elongating and heading stages(N_(H)),and stem elongating and flowering stages(N_(F))after N application at sowing.The microbial community structure of wheat rhizosphere soil was analyzed by high-through sequencing technology.The results showed that N fertilizer application decreased theα-diversity of soil bacterial community,but had no significant effect on theα-diversity of soil fungal community.No significant differences in Sobs,Shannon index,Simpson index,ACE index and Chao 1 index were achieved among N fertilization treatments with different late N application timing.In addition,the relative abundances of chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobiota reduced,while the relative abundances of Gibberella,Sarocladium and Alternaria increased in the soil after N fertilizer application.The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota significantly reduced by 56.9%when N topdressing was late at flowering stage compared with that of normal N application.Besides,different late N topdressing had no significant influences on the rhizosphere fungal community structure of wheat.Therefore,although the microbial diversity of wheat rhizosphere soil was not affected by different late N application time,the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota that was considered to be related to antibiotic synthesis reduced when N application delayed at flowering stage of wheat.

关 键 词：强筋小麦 追氮时期 根际微生物 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]