中外优秀女子撑杆跳高运动员关键参数运动学对比研究  

The Kinetics Research of Elite Women Pole-Vaulter’s Technique Between China and Abroad

作　　者：周浩祥[1] 陈晓晏 张敏敏 苑廷刚 ZHOU Haoxiang;CHEN Xiaoyan;ZHANG Minmin;YUAN Tinggang(An Hui SportsScienceResearch Institute,Hefei 230001,China;China Institute of Sports Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省体育科学技术研究所,安徽合肥230001 [2]国家体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2022年第5期48-54,共7页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

基　　金：田径跳跃高度项目国家队备战东京奥运会(2020年度)科技攻关与科技服务及田径科技动态专项信息编辑(2020TJ02004)。

摘　　要：目的:探寻我国优秀女子撑杆跳高运动员与国外优秀运动员技术方面的差距,进而为针对性训练和瓶颈突破提供参考。方法:运用对比分析法,通过高速录像拍摄我国运动员的技术动作关键环节(120帧/s),采用视讯影片解析系统进行数字化采集,获取关键运动学参数,并与2018年世界室内田径锦标赛女子撑杆跳高前11名国外运动员的关键运动学参数进行对比。结果:(1)我国女子撑杆跳高运动员助跑步数均值为15.6±0.8步,与世界优秀选手基本一致。(2)助跑倒一步的持杆角,我国选手均值为18.3±2.7°,世界优秀选手为18.5±3.7°,我国选手持杆角明显小于世界优秀选手。(3)持杆助跑后10~5m重心水平速度,世界优秀选手前3名的助跑速度均值为8.20±0.08m/s,我国选手的助跑速度均值为7.79±0.27m/s,我国选手助跑速度偏低。(4)我国选手的起跳离地瞬间的重心腾起角为22.1±1.9°,明显大于2018年世界室内田径锦标赛前11名选手的18.8±1.6°。(5)起跳离地瞬间重心水平速度,我国选手均值为6.30±0.45 m/s,远小于2018年世界室内田径锦标赛前3名选手的7.31±0.26m/s。结论及建议:(1)我国女子撑杆跳高运动员助跑速度需要提高,建议进行针对性训练,包括平跑速度训练、持杆跑训练、完整技术练习等。(2)我国女子撑杆跳高运动员起跳离地瞬间重心腾起角度偏大,建议适当增加离地瞬间的重心水平速度。(3)我国女子撑杆跳高运动员起跳离地瞬间重心水平速度偏低,建议强化我国运动员对起跳技术的理解,保持起跳过程中的高重心和快速起跳,提高起跳质量。Objective:Seeking the technique weakness of Chinese female elite Pole-Vaulter,in order to break through bottle mouth. Methods:Using comparative analysis methods.Obtaining major China elite key kinematics parameters that compared to2018 World Indoor Track and Field Championship by high speed video(120fp/s).The video was analyzed by Shixun Film Analyzed System from Beijing Sport University.Results:(1)The number of run-up for Chinese Elite was 15.6±0.8 the same was The World Elite;(2)The Chinese and abroad Elite first step pole angles was 8.3±2.7° and 18.5±3.7°,the former was lesser obvious than latter;(3)The mean runway velocity of Chinese female between 10~ 5 m to the end of the pit was 7.79±0.27 m/s that was less obvious than World Elite.(4)The mean take-off angle of Chinese Elite was 22.1±1.9° that was lesser than The World Elite18.8 ± 1.6°.(5)The mean take-off velocity of Chinese Elite was 6.30 ± 0.45 m/s that was obvious lesser than World Elite 7.31 ±0.26m/s.Conclusion:(1)The Chinese elite was to be increase the speed of run up.(2)The Chinese elite should raise the take off angle.(3)The Chinese elite should increase the speed of take off velocity.

关 键 词：女子 撑杆跳高 运动学参数 对比研究 

分 类 号：G823.2[文化科学—体育训练]