耕作方式对玉米根系构型及抗根倒伏能力的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods on Structure and Lodging Resistance of Maize Root

作　　者：李永贤 周世永 吴伯志[1] LI Yong-xian;ZHOU Shi-yong;WU Bo-zhi(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第2期112-120,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：云南省现代农业玉米产业技术体系建设(2016KJTX002);绿色新型饲料与养殖产业化关键技术研究与示范(2019ZG00902)。

摘　　要：通过云南典型的红壤坡耕地对土壤实施深松+旋耕15 cm(SRT)、深松+免耕(SNT)、深松+翻耕20 cm(SP1)、深松+翻耕30 cm(SP2)、旋耕15 cm(RT)、免耕(NT)、翻耕20 cm(P1)和翻耕30 cm(P2)8种耕作方式,研究对玉米的根系根条数、根直径、入土角度、根幅、生物量及根系抗拔力等的影响。结果表明,深松+翻耕20 cm处理能增加玉米根条数、根系入土角度和10 cm土层处根系生长幅度,增大根系生物量,尤其是深层土壤(20~30 cm)根系生物量,同时对玉米产量也具有提高作用。深松+翻耕30 cm处理能增大根系的垂直抗拔力。因此,土壤通过深耕处理能改善玉米根系构型和分布,进而增强玉米根系抗倒伏能力。In this study,the root system of maize(Zea mays)was studied in a typical red soil slope in Yunnan province using eight tillage practices:deep loosening+15 cm rotational tillage(SRT),deep loosening+no-tillage(SNT),deep loosening+20 cm tillage(SP1),deep loosening+30 cm tillage(SP2),15 cm rotational tillage(RT),no-till⁃age(NT),20 cm tillage(P1),and 30 cm tillage(P2).The effects of root number,root diameter,soil entry angle,root am⁃plitude,biomass and root uprooting resistance were investigated.The results showed that the 20 cm tillage and deep loosening could increase the number of roots,root entry angle and root growth at the 10 cm soil level,increase root biomass,especially at the deep soil level(20-30 cm),and improve the yield of maize;the 30 cm tillage and deep loosening could increase the vertical root resistance.Tilling and deep loosening can increase the vertical resistance of the roots.Soil tillage can improve the configuration and distribution of maize roots and thus enhance the ability of maize roots to resist failure.

关 键 词：夏玉米 耕作方式 根系构型 根倒伏 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]