不同覆盖模式对玉米叶片水分利用效率的影响  

Effects on the Water Use Efficiency of Maize Leaves by Different Coverage Forms

作　　者：赵丽 邓妍[1] 郭虹霞 张丽光[1] 秦丽霞 王陆军 王创云 ZHAO Li;DENG Yan;GUO Hong-xia;ZHANG Li-guang;QIN Li-xia;WANG Lu-jun;WANG Chuang-yun(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,太原030031

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第2期132-138,144,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221026);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124);院农业科技创新项目“有机旱作农业研发专项”(YCX2018404)。

摘　　要：采用常规耕作(T1)、秸秆覆盖(T2)、起垄覆膜膜侧种植(T3)、起垄无膜(T4)、无垄覆膜(T5)对玉米叶片光合作用和叶片水平上的水分利用效率以及产量和产量构成因素方面进行分析研究。结果表明,玉米叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(Cond)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i))和水分利用效率(WUE)在不同覆盖模式下均存在显著差异,且起垄覆膜膜侧种植模式下的P_(n)、Cond和WUE为最大,T_(r)和C_(i)较低。叶片水分利用效率与净光合速率和气孔导度呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.94、0.98;与蒸腾速率和胞间二氧化碳浓度呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.92、0.96。2018年T3处理产量最高,达10095 kg/hm^(2),较T1、T2、T4、T5处理分别高23.18%、0.55%、19.32%、3.71%;2019年T3处理产量最高,达10248 kg/hm^(2),较T1、T2、T4、T5处理分别高21.84%、12.47%、15.69%、6.03%。We design five different treatment methods(straw mulching practice,practice with ridges mulched with plastic film and maize planted on the two sides of the mulched ridges,practice with un-mulched ridges,plastic film mulching practice without ridge filling and conventional farming practice)to investigate photosynthetic,water use efficiencies,yield and yield components of summer maize leaves.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rates(P_(n)),transpiration rates(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(Cond),intercellular CO_(2) concentrations(C_(i))and water use effi⁃ciency(WUE)of summer maize leaves significantly differed among the different treatment.P_(n),Cond and WUE under the treatment with ridges mulched with plastic film and maize planted on plastic film side are the highest,while T_(r) and C_(i) are relatively lower;Leaf water use efficiency has a very significant positive correlation with net photosynthet⁃ic rate and stomatal conductance,and the correlation coefficients are 0.94 and 0.98 respectively.It has a significant negative correlation with transpiration rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,the correlation coeffi⁃cients are 0.92,0.96 respectively.In terms of yield:in 2018,the yield of ridged film-mulching side(T3)was the highest,reaching 10095 kg/ha,which was 23.18%,0.55%,19.32%and 3.71%higher than that of no ridge and no mulch(T1),straw mulching(T2),ridging without film(T4),and no ridge mulching(T5),respectively;in 2019,the yield of ridge film-mulching side(T3)was the highest,reaching 10248.It was 21.84%,12.47%,15.69%and 6.03% higher than that of no ridge and no cover(T1),straw mulch(T2),ridging without film(T4)and no ridge mulching(T5),re⁃spectively.

关 键 词：玉米 覆盖 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]