中国共产党组织工作者访苏参观团的多重探索  

The Multiple Exploration of the Communist Party of China’s Organization Workers’ Visit to the Soviet Union

作　　者：唐仕春 Tang Shichun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,102488 [2]中国社会科学院近代史研究所社会史研究中心,100101

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2022年第3期123-138,159,160,共18页Contemporary China History Studies

摘　　要：新中国成立初期,中国派出了上百个参观团访问苏联学习社会主义建设经验,其中较早派出的有1950年中国共产党组织工作者访苏参观团。在苏方安排下,参观团主动探究苏联经验;回国后向中共中央呈交了访苏总结报告,并选择了党领导企业等方面的经验通过报告会、报刊、书籍传播;推动加强、改进党和政府的中央机构,建立后备干部名单制度,创设党的工业部,在工厂实行“一长制”。参观团及其成员在探究、传播、借鉴苏联经验等多重探索中扮演的角色并非始终如一,所起作用亦各有侧重。其多重探索聚焦于城市与工厂的管理,特别是党对企业的管理,捕捉由革命向建设转向的时代脉搏,与其他访苏参观团一起形成开创社会主义建设事业的合力,夯实了新中国成立初期党和国家建设的基础。In the early days after the founding of New China,China sent hundreds of visiting groups to the Soviet Union to learn the experience of socialist construction.Among them,the first one was the visiting group organized by the Communist Party of China to visit the Soviet Union in 1950.Under the arrangement of the Soviet side,the visiting group took the initiative to explore the experience of the Soviet Union.After returning to China,it submitted a summary report of the visit to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,and selected the experience of the Party-led enterprises to disseminate through report meetings,newspapers and books;promoted the strengthening and improvement of the central organs of the Party and the government,established a list system for reserve cadres,created the Party’s industrial department,and implemented the “system of one-head leadership” in factories.The roles played by the visiting group and its members in multiple explorations such as investigation,dissemination,and learning from the Soviet experience were not always the same and had diverse emphasis.Its multiple explorations focused on the management of cities and factories,especially the management of enterprises by the Party,captured the pulse of the times from revolution to construction,formed a joint force to create socialist construction together with other visiting delegations to the Soviet Union and consolidated the foundation for Party and country building in the early days after the founding of New China.

关 键 词：中共组织工作者 访苏参观团 苏联经验 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] D232[历史地理—中国史]