人工智能技术在妊娠期糖尿病营养管理中的应用及其意义  

Application and significance of artificial intelligence technology in nutritional management of gestational diabetes mellitus

作　　者：李华 李文霞[1] 陈秋玲[1] 邓燕霞 李勇旗 Li Hua;Li Wenxia;Chen Qiuling;Deng Yanxia;Li Yongqi(Department of Obstetrics,Changsha Hospital for Maternal&Child Health Care,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市妇幼保健院产科,长沙410007

出　　处：《中国医师杂志》2022年第5期719-722,共4页Journal of Chinese Physician

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划项目(2020SK53101);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ70059)。

摘　　要：目的探讨人工智能(AI)技术在妊娠期糖尿病围产期营养管理中的应用及其临床意义。方法前瞻性选取长沙市妇幼保健院收治的在孕24~26周期间诊断为妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇240例,随机分为对照组(120例),观察组(120例)。对照组采用传统管理模式进行营养管理,观察组采用AI技术进行营养管理,比较两组孕妇孕期体重增长、血糖控制水平、胰岛素使用情况、妊娠合并症、妊娠结局等指标。结果(1)孕期监测指标:两组体重增长(GWG)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组孕期体重增长在合适范围的比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组足月贫血患病率、胰岛素使用率、血糖超过控制标准的发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。(2)妊娠结局:两组妊娠期高血压疾病、剖宫产、胎儿生长受限、早产、新生儿低血糖的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组中转剖宫产、巨大儿、新生儿血糖<2.6 mmol/L需要处理、轻度窒息及入住NICU的发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论应用AI技术对妊娠期糖尿病进行营养管理,可以更好地控制母体围产期体重增长、血糖水平,减少孕晚期贫血发生率、巨大儿发生率、胰岛素使用率及中转剖宫产率,可改善新生儿结局。Objective To explore the application and effect of artificial intelligence technology in perinatal management of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods 240 pregnant women with gestational diabetes diagnosed during 24-26 weeks of pregnancy in Changsha Maternal and Child Health Hospital were prospectively selected and randomly divided into control group(120 cases)and observation group(120 cases).The control group used the traditional management mode for nutritional management,and the observation group used AI technology for nutritional management.The weight gain,blood glucose control level,insulin use,pregnancy complications,pregnancy outcome and other indicators of the two groups were compared.Results(1)Monitoring indicators during pregnancy:there was no significant difference in weight gain between the two groups(P>0.05).The proportion of weight gain in the appropriate range in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);The prevalence of full-term anemia,insulin use rate and the incidence of blood glucose exceeding the control standard in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).(2)Pregnancy outcome:there was no significant difference in the incidence of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,fetal growth restriction,premature delivery and neonatal hypoglycemia between the two groups(all P>0.05);The incidence of conversion to cesarean section,macrosomia,neonatal blood glucose<2.6 mmol/L,mild asphyxia and admission to neurosurgical intensive care unit(NICU)in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusions Application of AI technology to nutritional management of gestational diabetes can better control the maternal perinatal weight gain and blood glucose level,reduce the incidence of anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy,the incidence of macrosomia,the use of insulin and the rate of conversion to cesarean section,and improve the neonatal outcome.

关 键 词：糖尿病 妊娠 人工智能 营养管理 

分 类 号：R714.256[医药卫生—妇产科学]