施用等养分量有机肥和化肥对干旱胁迫下玉米生物量影响的比较  

Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application on Maize Biomass under Drought Stress

作　　者：王鑫 张运龙 李腾腾[1] 张宏彦[1] 张俊伶[1] WANG Xin;ZHANG Yun-long;LI Teng-teng;ZHANG Hong-yan;ZHANG Jun-ling(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《土壤通报》2022年第2期421-428,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB150500)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究干旱胁迫条件下施用有机肥和与之等氮磷钾养分量化肥对玉米生物量的影响及其机制,为玉米抗旱技术措施的提出提供理论依据。【方法】通过温室盆栽模拟试验研究施肥(不施肥、施用牛粪和施用化肥)、微生物(不灭菌和灭菌)和水分(不干旱即田间持水量的70%和干旱即田间持水量的40%)三因素对苗期(45天后)玉米生长及土壤性质的影响。【结果】(1)与不施肥相比,施肥处理显著提高玉米生物量,其中地上部生物量提高了155%~278%,根系提高了71%~122%,总生物量提高了125%~221%;在灭菌条件下,干旱后玉米生物量显著降低(30%~34%)。(2)施肥后,未显著改变土壤无机氮的含量,显著提高了土壤速效磷和速效钾的含量;与正常水分处理相比,干旱仅在有机肥处理下显著降低了土壤速效钾含量,达43.8%;施肥对土壤微生物总生物量和细菌生物量均无显著影响,显著提高了真菌生物量以及真菌和细菌的比值;干旱后,土壤微生物总生物量、细菌和真菌生物量均未发生显著改变。(3)随土壤速效磷含量的增加,玉米总生物量显著增加。【结论】干旱显著降低了苗期玉米生物量,且这种干旱效应仅在灭菌土壤上出现,说明了土壤微生物能够增强植物对干旱胁迫的抗性;在干旱情况下,有机肥施用后玉米生物量显著高于化肥处理,土壤速效磷是主要的驱动因子。[Objective]The influence and mechanism of equal application of organic fertilizer and fertilizer on maize(Zea mays L.)biomass under drought stress conditions were studied,which would provid a theoretical basis for the proposed technical measures of drought resistance in maize.[Method]The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse based on the field soil of a 9-year long-term location experiment.Three factors of fertilization,microorganisms and water were set.The fertilization factors included no fertilization,cow manure treatment(9000 kg hm^(−2))and chemical fertilizer treatment(with cow manure equal nutrient content).The microbial factors included two levels of sterilization and non-sterilization.And the moisture factors included two levels of drought(soil water content of 16%)and dry(soil water content of 28%),a total of 12.The maize was harvested 45 days after planting,and the aboveground plant,root biomass,soil aggregates,soil nutrients and microbial indicators were measured.[Result](1)Compared with CK,chemical-and organic-fertilizer significantly increased the aboveground biomass(155%and 278%),root biomass(71%and 122%)and total biomass(125%and 221%).Only under sterilization conditions,drought significantly reduced maize biomass(30%−34%).(2)Fertilization significantly improved the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil,but it had no significant effect on mineral nitrogen.Drought significantly reduced the soil available potassium content by 43.8%.Fertilization had no significant effect on total phospholipid fatty acids and bacterial biomass,while improved fungal biomass and true fine ratio.Drought did not significantly change soil microbial biomass.(3)With the increase of available phosphorus in soil,the total biomass of corn increased significantly.[Conclusion]Drought significantly reduced maize biomass,and this drought effect only appeared on the sterilized soil,indicating that soil microorganisms could enhance plant resistance to drought stress to a certain extent;Under drought conditio

关 键 词：玉米 水分 灭菌 抵抗力 

分 类 号：S423.4[农业科学—植物保护]