石灰性紫色土种植小麦适宜施肥量的研究  

Experimental Study on Suitable Fertilization Amount of Wheat on Calcareous Purplish Soils

作　　者：邓利梅 汪璇 崔荣阳 周涛 刘刚才[1] DENG Li-mei;WANG Xuan;CUI Yong-yang;ZHOU Tao;LIU Gang-cai(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤通报》2022年第3期667-674,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2021YFN0010)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】目前我国小麦施肥效应研究主要集中在中部及北方地区,南方石灰性紫色土上小麦施肥效应及适宜施肥量尚不清楚。【方法】2018年10月至2020年5月在四川盐亭县青峰村石灰性紫色土农田,设农户习惯施肥(FP)、地方科技部门推荐施肥(ST)、养分专家系统优化施肥(NE)、优化施肥配施锌肥(NE+Zn)和优化施肥增减氮肥等12个处理,进行小麦施肥小区试验。【结果】石灰性紫色土上不同施肥处理对小麦的生物量和产量影响显著,而对千粒重无明显影响;NE+Zn处理产量最高,即优化施肥配施锌肥小麦增产效果显著,与FP处理相比平均增产约20%;不施氮肥和氮肥用量增减对小麦影响不明显,但不施磷肥则影响显著:相对于NE+Zn处理减产约30%。【结论】石灰性紫色土种植小麦的推荐施氮量为N 93 kg hm^(−2),同时配施磷肥和锌肥小麦有显著增产效果。[Objective]Wheat is one of three major food crops(wheat,rice,and corn)in the world.At present,the influence of fertilization on wheat is mainly concentrated in central and northern China,but the impact of fertilization and suitable fertilizer rate of wheat on calcareous purple soil are still unclear.[Method]Different fertilization treatments,including farmer’s preference(FP),local government of science and technology(ST),nutritional experts system(NE),and NE+Zinc fertilizer(NE+Zn),were applied to study the effects of fertilization on wheat at Qingfeng village of Yanting county of Sichuan Province in the period of October of 2018 to May of 2020.[Result]Different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the biomass and yield of wheat on calcareous purple soil,but had no significant effect on its thousand grain weight.NE+Zn treatment had the highest yield(about 20%higher than that of FP),indicating that application of zinc fertilizer has a significant increase in wheat production.Nitrogen fertilization rates had no significant impact on wheat yield,but no phosphorus fertilization resulted in about 30%decrease of yield compared to that of NE+Zn treatment.The recommended N application rate of wheat on lime purple soil is N 93 kg hm^(−2).[Conclusion]Phosphorus and zinc fertilizer have significant yield increase efficiency to wheat on calcareous purple soil.Therefore,the application and management of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer of calcareous purple soil should be strengthened.

关 键 词：紫色土 小麦 施肥影响 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]