基于物理环境数字地图的城市设计逐级优化——过程性探索  

PROGRESSIVE OPTIMIZATION OF URBAN DESIGN BASED ON THE DIGITAL MAP OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT:PROCESS EXPLORATION

作　　者：杨俊宴[1] 邵典 傅秀章[1,2] 闵鹤群 YANG Junyan;SHAO Dian;FU Xiuzhang;MIN Hequn

机构地区：[1]东南大学建筑学院 [2]东南大学建筑学院建筑物理实验室

出　　处：《城市规划》2022年第5期64-80,共17页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目:基于大数据的城市中心区空间规划理论与关键技术研究(51838002)。

摘　　要：在高强度的人工建设和城市活动影响下,城市空间环境品质问题日趋严重,创建宜居的城市空间物理环境也随之成为了当今城市、建筑和景观设计的重要主题,因此城市物理环境研究成为当下城市空间品质提升的关键着力点。但从目前城市规划设计的实践情况来看,物理环境研究缺乏综合集成研究,缺乏和规划设计的交互反馈优化。在物理环境与城市空间形态耦合研究的基础上,阐述了城市物理环境数字地图的建构理论和方法,通过scSTREAM,Cadna/A和ENVI-met等城市物理环境模拟和分析软件,构建起城市物理环境评估模型,从风、声、热3个维度对城市设计方案进行多轮物理环境模拟及交互反馈,实现从地段、街区到建筑组团的逐级优化过程。文章通过常州火车站地区的实证探索,研究城市物理环境数字地图在城市设计中的应用,验证物理环境评估模型可以在一定程度上提高城市设计的空间舒适度,促进城市设计空间布局的人本性、科学性、合理性。据此建立基于物理环境优化的城市空间布局理想图式,形成对于城市空间物理环境问题的具有针对性的实践路径。As the quality of urban environment has become increasingly worse under the influence of high-intensity construction and urban activities,it has become an important theme of urban,architectural,and landscape design to build a livable physical environment.Accordingly,the study of urban physical environment is a key point to improve the quality of urban space.However,from the current practice of urban planning and design,there are few comprehensive studies and interactive feedback optimization of planning and design in research on the physical environment.Based on the study of the coupling between physical environment and urban form,this paper expounds the theoretical concept and construction method of the digital map of urban physical environment and develops an urban environment assessment model through urban physical environment simulation and analysis software,such as scSTREAM,Cadna/A and ENVI-met.It has carried out multiple rounds of physical environment simulation and interactive feedback from the three dimensions of wind,sound,and heat,to realize step-by-step improvement from a plot to a block,and then to a building group.Through an empirical study on Changzhou Railway Station area,the paper explores the application of the digital map of urban physical environment in urban design,and approves that the physical environment assessment model can improve the spatial comfort of urban design to a certain extent and make the urban design space layout become more human-centered,scientific,and rational.Then,an ideal pattern of urban spatial layout based on physical environment optimization can be established to form a targeted practice path for addressing urban physical environment problems.

关 键 词：物理环境 物理环境数字地图 城市设计 逐级优化 常州火车站 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]