钛合金感应熔炼用陶瓷坩埚研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospect of ceramic crucibles for induction melting of titanium alloys

作　　者：赵超 王如愿 潘科嘉 孙明翰 李宁[1] Chao Zhao;Ruyuan Wang;Kejia Pan;Minghan Sun;Ning Li(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第11期1155-1166,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFB2008300)资助。

摘　　要：钛合金因具有高比强度、强耐蚀性、无磁等诸多优异特性,被认为是空天海等战略领域最理想的轻型结构材料.然而,采用铸锭冶金技术制造钛合金及其构件,仍存在高能耗、高成本等世界性难题.研究表明,坩埚式真空感应熔炼是解决上述难题的有效途径之一,但钛的高化学活性使其几乎能与目前已知的所有耐火材料发生反应.因此,新型熔钛坩埚材料及其制备技术是实现钛合金低成本、优质、高效熔炼的关键.对此,本文重点综述国内外钛合金感应熔炼用陶瓷坩埚材料(耐蚀机制、成分优选)及坩埚耐久性两大方面的研究现状,并结合华中科技大学的近期研究进展,对其未来发展方向提出新的思考.Titanium alloys possess high specific strength, superior heat resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, outstanding physiological compatibility, etc., and thus being considered as the most ideal lightweight structural materials as well as potent biomedical materials. Generally, Ti alloys are manufactured via the technique of ingot metallurgy;however, it suffers from critical issues of high energy consumption and high cost, which desperately need to be well addressed.According to previous research, the crucible vacuum induction melting technology has high superheat and strong electromagnetic stirring, with which titanium alloy ingots with uniform composition can be achieved without applying multiple remelting. The crucible vacuum induction melting not only benefits the removal of low melting point impurities,but also significantly improves the energy consumption efficiency as the forced water cooling becomes not indispensable during the processing. As a result, the crucible vacuum induction melting has been the most potential method to overcome the problems of high energy consumption and low material yield existed in conventional melting technology. However,titanium alloys can react with almost all the refractories because of their high chemical activity, resulting in the pollution of titanium ingot and thus seriously restricting the development and application of this technology in titanium alloy production. For this reason, preparation special crucibles with corrosion resistance to titanium liquid is crucial to realizing low-cost, high-quality, and high-efficiency smelting of titanium alloys.Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the research status of ceramic crucibles for titanium alloys including the selection of materials(thermodynamic criterion, corrosion resistance mechanism, composition optimization) and the promising processes to improve the durability of these crucibles. Usually, the thermodynamic criterion is used as the firststep to pick ceramic materials with high chemical stability, which in

关 键 词：钛合金 真空感应熔炼 陶瓷坩埚 钛液腐蚀 抗热震性 

分 类 号：TG232.5[金属学及工艺—铸造]