农信社商业化改革对县域内城乡收入差距的动态影响——基于农信社改制为农商行的准自然实验分析  

The Dynamic Impact of the Commercialization Reform of Rural Credit Cooperatives on the Urban-rural Income Gap Within the County:Evidence from Rural Credit Cooperatives’Conversion into Rural Commercial Banks

作　　者：吴本健[1] 罗玲 王蕾[2] WU Benjian;LUO Ling;WANG Lei

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学经济学院 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2022年第4期83-105,共23页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“新时期的小额信贷与相对贫困治理:理论反思、机制分析及路径优化”(项目编号:72073151);国家自然科学基金青年项目“农村正规金融发展、金融空间演化与县域内城乡收入差距”(项目编号:71603306);北京市社会科学基金重点项目“缓解相对贫困的长效机制及其北京应用研究”(项目编号:21JJA002)的资助。

摘　　要：农村信用社一度是中国农村金融市场上的“垄断供给者”,其商业化改革能否真正有效地惠及农民并缩小县域内城乡收入差距?在理论分析的基础上,本文基于2010-2019年982家农村信用社和农村商业银行的平衡面板数据实证分析了农村信用社商业化改革对县域内城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现,农村信用社商业化改革对县域内城乡绝对收入差距产生正U型影响,即农村信用社商业化改革在初期会缩小城乡绝对收入差距,改革5~6年后开始扩大城乡绝对收入差距,但农村信用社商业化改革会使县域内城乡相对收入差距持续扩大;金融支农力度在农村信用社商业化改革对县域内城乡收入差距的影响中发挥中介作用。进一步研究发现,农村信用社商业化改革对邻近县域城乡收入差距存在倒U型影响,且在东部地区该影响更大;农信系统发展规模扩大、法人持股比例适度提高、金融机构数量增加均有助于缩小县域内城乡收入差距。To a certain extent,rural credit cooperatives(RCCs)used to be regarded as monopoly suppliers in China’s rural financial market.Can their commercialization reform truly benefit farmers and reduce urban-rural income gap within a county?On the basis of theoretical analysis,this article empirically analyzes the impact of the commercialization reform of RCCs on the urban-rural income gap in the county based on the balanced panel data of 982 RCCs and rural commercial banks(RCBs)from 2010 to 2019.The research results show that the commercialization reform of RCCs has a positive U-shaped impact on the urban-rural absolute income gap within the county,that is,the commercialization reform of RCCs will narrow the urban-rural absolute income gap in the initial stage and then expand it in 5-6 years after the commercialization reform is completed,and the commercialization reform of RCCs will continue to expand the urban-rural relative income gap in the county.The financial support for agriculture plays an intermediary role in the impact of the commercialization reform of RCCs on the urban-rural income gap in the county.Further research shows that the commercialization reform of RCCs has an inverted U-shaped impact on the urban-rural income gap in adjacent counties,and the effect of the commercialization reform of RCCs in the Eastern region is more satisfactory.In addition,the expansion of the development scale of rural credit system,the moderate increase of the shareholding proportion of legal persons and the increase of the number of financial institutions will help to narrow the urban-rural income gap in the county.

关 键 词：农信社 商业化改革 城乡收入差距 金融支农 县域经济 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]