鼓励与限制:苏维埃政权下农村小商品经济的历史考察  

Encouragement and Restriction:Historical Investigation of Rural Small Commodity Economy Under Soviet Regime

作　　者：闫磊 Yan Lei

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学马克思主义学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《苏区研究》2022年第3期13-25,共13页

基　　金：四川省社会科学规划青年项目“共产国际与社会民主党关系对马克思主义中国化早期进程的影响研究(1919-1943)”(SC21C080);西南交通大学思政教育专项“中国共产党在高校开展党史教育的文本研究(1921-2021)”(SZSWJTU21-13)

摘　　要：苏区时期,鉴于小商品经济的“两重”性质,苏维埃政权肯定其积极的一面,提出了保护与鼓励的政策。同时,中国共产党认为农民投入到市场活动,是小生产者的商品生产,为防止新的资本主义剥削,苏区要以公有经济为主要方向,经过长期发展以逐渐对私人经济占尽优势并取得领导地位。具体途径是通过建立合作社组织,将传统、零散的家庭副业、挑担生意等整合起来,进而在国营经济主导下有序运行,但这一过程中仍要保护中小商业。国营经济主导的商贸系统建立后,农村小商品经济逐渐衰颓,这与苏维埃的商业政策并不相符。苏维埃政权在处理公有与私有、农业与商业的关系问题处于探索阶段,在不断调整中积累了有益经验。In the Soviet Area period,in view of the"dual"character of small commodity economy,the Soviet regime affirmed its positive side and put forward policies of protection and encouragement.At the same time,the CPC believed that farmers'participation in market activities was the commodity production of small producers.In order to prevent new capitalist exploitation,the Soviet area should take the public economy as the main direction,gradually gain advantages and leadership over the private economy after long-term development.The specific way was to integrate the traditional and scattered family sidelines and pedlars through the establishment of cooperative organizations,then operate orderly under the guidance of the state-owned economy,but small and medium-sized businesses should still be protected in this process.After the establishment of the commercial system dominated by the state-owned economy,the rural small commodity economy gradually declined,which was inconsistent with the Soviet commercial policy.The Soviet regime was in the exploratory stage in dealing with the relationship between public and private ownership,agriculture and commerce,and accumulated useful experience in continuous adjustment.

关 键 词：苏区 商品流通 小商品经济 合作社 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] F329[历史地理—中国史]