明初以来长江口南岸地理环境的变化与人类活动响应  

The Changes of Geographical Environment and the Response of Human Activities on the South Bank of the Yangtze River Estuary Since the Early Ming Dynasty

作　　者：吴俊范[1,2] WU Junfan

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院历史系,上海200234 [2]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地上海师范大学都市文化研究中心

出　　处：《学术月刊》2022年第5期172-182,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目《7-20世纪长江三角洲海岸带环境变迁史料的搜集、整理与研究》(20&ZD231)之研究成果。

摘　　要：明初以来长江入海口主泓道摆动影响下的海岸带地理环境变化及人类活动响应过程,反映了长江口主泓摆动的历史周期性和相关人地效应。研究发现,明代初期长江主泓南偏的效应已在江口南岸的岸线坍海以及盐业生产衰减等方面有明显的表现,此后随着南支排水量的继续增加,淡水对盐业生产的影响范围也向南扩展推移。自明初至20世纪中期,金山以北各盐场因海水变淡而相继停产,原盐场区域转变为农业种植区。江流南偏对长江口南岸海岸线、水系、水利方面的影响,主要体现在以黄家湾为节点的北坍南涨、淤涨型岸段的海塘增筑及海塘内外水系的衔接、坍进型岸段的入海河流塞断及海塘内外水系的隔离。This paper reconstructs and analyzes the changes of coastal geographical environment and the response process of human activities under the influence of the main channel swing of the Yangtze River estuary since the early Ming Dynasty,and reflects on the historical periodicity of the main channel swing of the Yangtze River estuary and related man-land relationship.It is found that the effect of the south deviation of the main channel of the Yangtze River in the early Ming Dynasty had been obviously manifested in the collapse of the coastline on the South Bank of the estuary and the attenuation of salt production.Since then,with the continuous increase of the drainage of the South Branch,the influence range of fresh water on salt production also expanded to the south.From the early Ming Dynasty to the mid-20th century,the salt fields to the north of Jinshan were shut down successively due to the dilution of seawater,and the original salt farm area was transformed into an agricultural planting area.The influence of the South deviation on the coastline,water system and water conservancy of the South Bank of the Yangtze River estuary is mainly reflected on the coastline collapse in the North and siltation in the South with Huangjia Bay as the node,rivers inside and outside the seawall connection on the siltation bank,and rivers separation by the seawall on the collapse bank.

关 键 词：长江口 南支 盐场 岸线 水系 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]