论英美法引入与中国合同法的发展——从清末修律到2020年民法典  

On the Introduction of Anglo-American Law and the Development of Chinese Contract Law——From the Law Revision in Late Qing Dynasty to the Civil Code 2020

作　　者：刘承韪[1] LIU Chengwei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《学术月刊》2022年第4期100-120,共21页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：英美法系与大陆法系并称世界两大法系,同属西方法律传统。近代中国在模仿西法和变法图强的过程中,与英美法数度擦肩而过,最终选择了大陆法系作为改造学习的模板。但在改革开放之后,尤其从涉外经济合同法开始,中国在市场经济法治的建设上,大量引入借鉴英美法的商事合同法制度。合同法的很多内容是通过模仿和借鉴CISG公约和UPICC通则而间接学习英美法的结果。民法典合同编承继1999年统一合同法的体例和内容,其违约救济制度受英美法影响甚巨,特别是在预期违约制度、根本违约制度、严格责任原则、可预见规则、减损规则、违约精神损害赔偿制度等多个方面移植借鉴英美合同法之内容,形成了比较法上成功地混合继受大陆法系和英美法系的奇观,后民法典时代的解释论同样也离不开英美法的支撑。中国民法典通过混合继受之法取各家之所长,在充实丰富和发展完善的道路上阔步向前。The common law system and the civil law system are known as the two major legal systems in the world,and both belong to the content of the Western legal tradition.In the process of studying Western law and reforming the law in modern times,China passed by the Anglo-American law,and finally chose the civil law system as the template for reform and study.However,after the reform and opening up in 1978,especially from the foreign-related economic contract law,China has borrowed a large number of commercial and contract law systems from common law in the construction of the rule of law in market economy.Much of contract law is the result of indirect learning of common law by imitating and drawing on CISG conventions and UPICC general principles.The Contract Law of Civil Code inherits the style and content of the Uniform Contract Law of 1999.In particular,the contract remedy system is greatly influenced by Anglo-American law,especially in the anticipatory breach system,fundamental breach system,strict liability principle,foreseeable rule,mitigation rule,compensation system for spiritual damages for breach of contract,which have been transplanted and borrowed from the content of Anglo-American contract law,forming a comparative law spectacle of successfully mixing and inheriting the civil law system and the Anglo-American law system.Chinese Civil Code takes the strengths of each family through the method of mixed inheritance,and strides forward on the road of enrichment and development.

关 键 词：英美法 清末修律 涉外经济合同法 统一合同法 民法典 

分 类 号：D908[政治法律—法学理论]