民法典精神损害赔偿制度的规范构造与价值定位  

Normative Construction and Value Orientation of Mental Damage Compensation System in Civil Code

作　　者：石冠彬 SHI Guanbin

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学法学院,上海200241

出　　处：《学术月刊》2022年第4期121-130,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代中国国家治理中的规范协同问题研究”(项目编号:19ZDA155)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：精神损害赔偿不会有损自然人的人格尊严,相反能彰显民法的人文关怀精神,其基本功能在于对被侵权人予以补偿和抚慰。精神损害赔偿的制度功能从本质上决定了精神损害赔偿请求权具有人身专属性,也决定了间接被侵权人作为独立精神损害赔偿请求权主体的适格性。民法典精神损害赔偿制度在肯定违约行为也能导致精神损害赔偿的同时,将“侵害自然人具有人身意义的特定物”这一情形也明确纳入适用精神损害赔偿的范围,可谓在借鉴域外法的基础上凸显了中国特色、时代特色和实践特色,是前民法典时代相关民事立法、司法实践和理论研究的集大成者。从部门法规范衔接角度来看,刑事案件被害人无权主张精神损害赔偿的立场既无充分的法理依据,也有悖于民法典作为基础性法律所确立的责任承担规则,应当通过法律解释学的方法予以彻底否定。Compensation for mental damage shall not damage the personal dignity of natural persons.Conversely,it can highlight the humanistic care spirit of Civil Code.The basic function of the compensation system is to compensate and comfort the infringed.The function of mental damage compensation system essentially determines the specificity of the claim for mental damage compensation,and also determines the eligibility of the indirect infringed as an independent subject of the claim for it.While affirming that breach of contract can lead to mental damage compensation,the system clearly includes the situation of“infringing on a specific object of the personal significance of a natural person”into the scope of mental damage compensation.It highlights the characteristics of Chinese,the times and practice on the basis of foreign law.Meanwhile,it is a masterpiece of relevant civil legislation,judicial practice and theoretical research in the Pre-Civil Code era.From the perspective of the cohesion and coherence of departmental laws,the position that victims in criminal cases have no right to claim mental damage compensation has insufficient legal basis.Also,it’s against the rules of responsibility established by the Civil Code.It should be completely denied through the method of legal hermeneutics.

关 键 词：民法典 精神损害赔偿请求权 补偿功能 人身权益 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]