HACCP方法在火力发电厂生产性粉尘职业危害防控中的应用  

Application of HACCP method in prevention and control of occupational hazards of productive dust in thermal power plants

作　　者：范小猛[1] 舒友梅[1] 冯玉超[1] 袁豪乾 张海[1] 刘移民[1] FAN Xiao-meng;SHU You-mei;FENG Yu-chao;YUAN Hao-qian;ZHANG Hai;LIU Yi-min(Occupational Health Evaluation and Testing Center,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou Guangdong,510620,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院职业卫生评价检测中心,广东广州510620

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第8期1026-1029,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教[2016]27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函[2019]1555号);广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发[2011]167号)。

摘　　要：目的将危害分析与关键控制点(hazard analysis critical control point,HACCP)方法应用于火力发电厂生产性粉尘职业危害防控中,确保劳动者职业健康。方法运用HACCP原理,结合2020年10月开展的广州市某火力发电厂生产性粉尘现场调查与职业卫生粉尘监测,分析火力发电厂粉尘关键控制点。结果广州市某火力发电厂生产性粉尘主要来自输煤系统、锅炉系统、脱硫脱硝系统和除灰渣系统,结合16个巡检点粉尘浓度监测结果与现有防尘设施,判断火力发电厂生产性粉尘危害的关键控制点为输煤系统与除灰渣系统。结论在分析火力发电厂生产工艺的基础上,基于HACCP方法的预防性管理思维和操作流程,确定广州市某火力发电厂生产性粉尘火力发电厂粉尘职业危害2个关键控制点,即输煤系统与除灰渣系统。其中,粉尘浓度超过国家职业接触限值的巡检点与危害关键控制过程包括皮带输送、碎煤、炉底捞渣及灰库等,并提出针对性、可行性的防尘纠正措施,实现对关键控制点生产线粉尘职业危害的监测与有效防控,切实保障劳动者的身体健康。Objective To apply the method of hazard analysis critical control point(HACCP)in the prevention and control of occupational hazards of productive dust in thermal power plants,ensure the occupational health of workers.Methods Using HACCP principles,the critical control points in thermal power plants were analyzed on the combination of the on-site investigation and occupational health dust monitoring in a thermal power plant of Guangzhou City in October 2020.Results The productive dust of a thermal power plant in Guangzhou City mainly came from the coal conveying system,boiler system,desulfurization and denitrification system,and ash removal system.Combining the dust concentration monitoring results of 16 inspection points and the existing dust prevention facilities,it is judged that the critical control points of productive dust in thermal power plant were the coal conveying system and the ash removal system.Conclusions Based on the analysis of the production process of thermal power plants and the preventive managements thinking and operation process based on the HACCP method,this study determines two critical control points of productive dust in a thermal power plant of Guangzhou City,including the coal conveying system and the ash removal system.Among them,the on-site inspection points that the dust concentration exceeds the national occupational exposure limit and the hazard critical control process include belt conveying,coal crushing,bottom slag fishing and ash silo.The targeted and feasible dust-proof corrective measures are proposed to realize the monitoring and effective prevention and control of dust occupational hazards in the production line at the critical control points,and effectively ensure the health of workers.

关 键 词：HACCP方法 火力发电厂 生产性粉尘 职业危害 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]