基于PMF模型的大同市城区公园地表灰尘中重金属污染评价及来源解析  

Pollution assessment and source analysis of surface dust heavy metals in parks of Datong city based on Positive matrix factorization model

作　　者：刘玥 郭文强[2] 武晔秋 LIU Yue;GUO Wenqiang;WU Yeqiu(College of Architecture and Surveying Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong,037003,China;Medical School,Shanxi Datong University,Datong,037009,China;Center for Faculty Development,Shanxi Datong University,Datong,037009,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学建筑与测绘工程学院,大同037003 [2]山西大同大学医学院,大同037009 [3]山西大同大学教师发展中心,大同037009

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第5期1616-1628,共13页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：山西大同大学科学研究项目(2020K11);大同市重点研发计划项目(2019120)资助。

摘　　要：为了解大同市城区公园地表灰尘中重金属污染特征、风险评估及污染来源,于2021年4月采集大同市8个城区公园60个地表灰尘样品,利用内梅罗综合污染指数、地累积指数和健康风险评价模型评估重金属污染,并采用正定矩阵分析模型辨识重金属污染来源及其贡献率.结果表明,大同市城区公园地表灰尘中Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为141.83、936.34、14.75、35.93、41.53、198.37、24.45、1.95、63.39 mg·kg^(-1).其中,Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb污染严重,超标率为100%;内梅罗综合污染指数和地累积污染指数结果显示,大同市城墙公园污染最为严重,主要污染因子是Cd;Mn对成人和儿童造成的非致癌健康风险最大,其次是As和Cr;经呼吸吸入途径造成的非致癌健康风险高于其它2种途径;大同市各公园对成人造成的非致癌健康风险均在可接受范围内,而对儿童造成的非致癌健康风险均远大于安全阀值.As、Ni、Cr、Co和Cd对成人和儿童造成的致癌健康风险均不高于安全阈值.该研究区域公园地表灰尘中重金属的主要来源依次是:土壤母质(37.8%)>燃煤污染源(26.3%)>交通污染源(21.9%)>工业源(13.9%).In this study,60 surface dust samples from 8 urban parks in Datong City were collected from April,2021 to understand the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals.Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,Geo-accumulation index and health risk assessment model were used to assess heavy metal pollution,and the sources and contribution rates of heavy metal were analyzed by the Positive matrix factorization model(PMF).The results show that the concentration of surface dust heavy metals from urban parks in Datong city are 141.83,936.34,14.75,35.93,41.53,198.37,24.45,1.95 and 63.39 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Among them,Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb are seriously polluted,and the rate of overstandard is 100%.The results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index and Geo-accumulation index show that Chengqiang Park in Datong city is the most polluted,and Cd is the main pollution factor.Mn poses the greatest non-cancer health risk for adults and children,followed by As and Cr.The non-cancer health risk posed by inhalation is higher than other two routes.The non-cancer health risks posed by each park in Datong city for adults are all within the acceptable range,while the non-cancer health risks for children are much higher than the safety threshold value.The cancer health risks of As,Ni,Cr,Co and Cd for adults and children are not higher than the safety threshold value.The main sources of surface dust heavy metals from the park in this study were as follows:combined pollution sources of soil parent material(37.8%)>coal pollution sources(26.3%)>transportation sources(31.9%)>industry sources(13.9%),respectively.

关 键 词：PMF 城区公园 地表灰尘 重金属 源解析 大同市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]