垂直潜流湿地净化蟹池养殖尾水试验  

Experiment on purification of crab pond aquaculture tailwater by vertical-flow constructed submerged wetland

作　　者：黄金杰 许明宸 张文艺 HUANG Jinjie;XU Mingchen;ZHANG Wenyi(Changzhou University,School of Environmental&Safety Engineering,Changzhou,213164,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学环境与安全工程学院,常州213164

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第5期1776-1786,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202-004);2020年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(SJCX20-0943)资助。

摘　　要：用垂直潜流湿地系统打造闭环式生态养殖模式可达到蟹池尾水零排放.本文以蟹池养殖尾水为受试对象,通过建立“滤石层-载体生物膜”复合型生态系统,考察了河蟹黄蟹期内养殖尾水中氮、磷等污染物的去除特性,调查了垂直湿地模拟装置内生物相特征.结果表明,潜流湿地系统主要通过物理吸附和生物降解的方式对养殖尾水中的污染物进行降解,总氮、总磷、COD和叶绿素a的平均去除率分别为86.29%±2.77%、91.19%±1.18%、70.88%±3.10%、90.95%±1.64%,火山石滤料层表现出显著的氮、磷去除能力,复合菌剂的运用可迅速提升系统整体净化能力.生物相分析揭示,随着潜流湿地装置运行延续,系统内浮游藻类、微型动物、细菌的数量及种类呈不断增长趋势,指示类微生物的出现表明系统内水质得到改善,证明净化后的水质更适于多种类微生物的生存与繁殖,最终实现养殖尾水零排放.A closed-loop ecological system can accomplish no tailwater discharge from crab ponds with the help of a vertical submerged wetland system.In this paper,the tailwater is used as experimental target,a composite ecosystem of"stone layer-carrier biofilm"is established.The removal characteristics of pollutants,nitrogen and phosphorus,in the tailwater of river-crab during the breeding period of crab are examined,and the characteristics of biological phases in the vertical wetland simulator are investigated.The results showed that the submerged wetland system degraded the pollutants in the cultured tailwater by physical adsorption and biodegradation.The average removal rates of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,COD,and chlorophyll-a were 86.29%±2.77%,91.19%±1.18%,70.88%±3.10%,and 90.95%±1.64%,respectively.Nitrogen and phosphorus can be removed at the volcanic stone filter layer.The introduction of the composite bacterial agent can effectively improve the whole purification capacity of the system.Biological phase analysis reveals that the number and kinds of planktonic algae,microfauna,and bacteria in the system keep increasing with the continuously running of the submerged wetland.The appearance of indicator microorganisms indicates that the water quality in the system has been improved,which suggests the purified water is more suitable for the survival and reproduction of different kinds of microorganisms.No aquaculture tailwater discharge can be achieved.

关 键 词：潜流湿地 养殖尾水 火山石滤料 复合菌剂 生物相 

分 类 号：X714[环境科学与工程—环境工程]