超材料结构的弹性波带隙主动调控研究进展  

Advances in active tuning of elastic wave band gaps in metamaterial structures

作　　者：郭振坤 李凤明 Zhenkun Guo;Fengming Li(College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering,Harbin Engineering Universit,Harbin 150001,China;Bejing Key Laboratory of Performance Guarantee on Urban Rail Transit Pehicles,College of Mechancal Engineering,Beijing Untiversity of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学航天与建筑工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院,城市轨道交通车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室,北京102616

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第12期1249-1263,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：机械系统与振动国家重点实验室开放基金(MSV202108);国家自然科学基金(11761131006)资助。

摘　　要：周期超材料结构由多个相同的子结构根据一定的规律性和周期性组成,具有特殊的力学特性,比如带隙.弹性波只能在特定的频带(通带)内沿超材料结构传播,而在其他频带(带隙或禁带)内的弹性波将被阻隔.利用带隙特性可以实现弹性波过滤、振动和噪声控制等,由此学者进行了大量的研究工作,希望获得各种具有更好带隙特性的超材料结构.然而在实际工程应用中,超材料结构的尺寸往往已被固定,频率带隙的宽度以及位置往往成为限制其实用性的问题.因此,分析超材料结构中弹性波带隙的主动调控具有重要的理论与实际意义,可以为周期结构的振动控制和减振设计提供理论依据.本文针对周期超材料结构,综述了其中弹性波带隙主动调控问题的研究现状,简述了近年来发展的弹性波带隙主动调控研究方法,介绍了热点的研究结果,并提出了值得进一步深入研究的问题.Periodic metamaterial structures are composed of multiple identical substructures according to certain regularity and periodicity,and they have special mechanical properties such as band gaps.Elastic waves can only propagate along the metamaterial structures in specific frequency bands(passbands),while wave propagation in other frequency bands(band gaps or stop bands)will be prohibited.It is generally believed that there are two basic band gap formation mechanisms,i.e.,the Bragg scattering and local resonance types.The former exists in phononic crystals,and the band gaps appear at the same order of magnitude as the wavelength and the lattice constant.Therefore,it is necessary to design a larger lattice constant to attenuate low-frequency waves for the phononic crystals,which is often unrealistic in the design of actual engineering structures.Unlike phononic crystals based on the Bragg scattering mechanism,the metamaterial structures are based on the local resonance mechanism which is prone to low-frequency band gaps.The band-gap properties of the metamaterial structures are of great significance in practical applications such as elastic wave filtering,vibration isolation and noise reduction.Due to the importance of band gap characteristics,researchers have carried out plenty of investigations,hoping to obtain various metamaterial structures with super band gap characteristics.However,in practical engineering applications,the sizes of the metamaterial structures are often fixed.The widths and positions of the frequency band gaps are usually a problem that limits their practicality,so it makes great sense to study the methods of actively tuning the band gaps of metamaterial structures.This paper reviews the study methods and developments of active tuning of elastic wave band gaps.The focuses are mainly on the four active tuning methods by using the piezoelectric materials,magnetic materials,soft electroactive materials and shape memory alloys(SMAs),respectively.Active tuning of band gaps usually requires multi-fiel

关 键 词：超材料结构 带隙 弹性波传播 振动控制 主动调控 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]