流体地球化学进展及其在地震预测研究中的应用  

Advances in seismic fluid geochemistry and its application in earthquake forecasing

作　　者：李营[1] 陈志[1] 胡乐 苏淑娟 郑辰禾 刘兆飞 路畅 赵影 刘洁 何鸿毅 孙凤霞[1] 徐超文 周晓成[1] 杜建国[1] 徐胜 郑国东 Ying Li;Zhi Chen;Le Hu;Shujuan Su;Chenhe Zheng;Zhaofei Liu;Chang Lu;Ying Zhao;Jie Liu;Hongyi He;Fengxia Sun;Chaowen Xu;Xiaocheng Zhou;Jianguo Du;Sheng Xu;Guodong Zheng(CEA Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction,Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China;Yantai Earthquake Monitoring Center Station,Shandong Earthquake Agency,Yantai 264000,China;Fujian Earthquake Agency,Fuzhou 350003,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing J00083,China;Jiangxi Earthquake Agency,Nanchang 330026,China;Shaanxi Earthquake Agency,Xi'an 710068,China;Institute of Surface-Earth System Science,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地震预测研究所中国地震局地震预测重点实验室,北京100036 [2]山东省地震局烟台地震监测中心站,烟台264000 [3]福建省地震局,福州350003 [4]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [5]江西省地震局,南昌330026 [6]陕西省地震局,西安710068 [7]天津大学地球系统科学学院地表地球系统科学研究所,天津300072 [8]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第13期1404-1420,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：地震预测是仍未解决的世界性难题.流体地球化学是地震预测的潜在手段之一,近年来得到了较为广泛的认可与运用.地震的孕育和发生过程始终伴随着地下物质运移、能量传输和条件改变,从而导致流体中元素和同位素的迁移与演化,进而形成地表可观测到的流体地球化学异常.活动断裂带是地震多发区,同时也是深部流体运移和释放的有利通道.活动断裂带流体的地球化学特征对地壳应力、温压条件和渗透率的变化极其敏感,可以作为指示构造或地震活动的良好指标.流体地球化学与断裂活动的密切关系使得流体地球化学不仅在地震预报中发挥着重要作用,也是解释地震过程中物质来源、能量交换和条件变化的有效手段.此外,新的地球化学分析技术的迅速发展,使其在研究地震前兆机理和地震物理过程中发挥越来越重要的作用.本文在综述近年来流体地球化学在地震预测领域研究进展的基础上,结合自身团队的研究结果和认识,提出未来地震地球化学研究的发展方向.Earthquakes are one of the most serious natural disasters of the world,with huge potential to cause serious injury and damage to humans and society.Earthquake forecasting,however,still remains a worldwide unsolved problem.The generation and occurrence of an earthquake—Accompanied by material migration,energy transmission and abrupt changes of underground conditions—Can result in the migration and evolution of geochemical elements and isotopes in natural fluids.Active fault zones are not only earthquake-prone areas but also deep fluid overflow channels.The geochemical characteristics of fluids in active faults act as good indicators for tectonic and seismic activities due to their high sensitivities to the changes of stress,temperature and permeability in the crust.The spatial and temporal variations of fluids in the active fault zones are closely related to the deep geological process and as well as the type,scale,and state of the active faults.On the contrary,the state change of an active fault can continue to affect the evolution and migration process of the deep fluids.The close relationship between fluid geochemistry and active faults makes fluid geochemistry not only an important role in earthquake forecasting but also an effective means to explain the changes of materials and conditions that take place during an earthquake.Before the occurrence of an earthquake,the stress and strain can lead to complex changes of chemical elements and isotopes in subsurface water,gas,soil and/or other media,that is,seismic fluid geochemistry anomalies.Therefore,in active fault zones or seismically active areas,monitoring the fluid geochemistry in these surface media and effectively identifying anomalies related to earthquakes have been identified as promising methods for earthquake forecasting.In recent years,seismic fluid geochemistry has been widely used to forecast earthquakes around the world due to its comparatively low costs and the advantages of its timeliness,simplicity,and convenience.Furthermore,with the accum

关 键 词：地震 地震流体 流体地球化学异常 地震预测 

分 类 号：P315.7[天文地球—地震学]