关联公司人格否认动态判断体系的构建  

The Construction of a Dynamic Judgment System for the Personality Denial of Affiliated Companies

作　　者：石一峰 Shi Yifeng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2022年第3期147-162,共16页Global Law Review

基　　金：2019年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究中青年课题“优化营商环境背景下商事信用权法律保护问题研究”(19SFB3030)的研究成果。

摘　　要：关联公司因其特殊治理结构以及有限责任对其的局限性,理论上更易出现人格否认的情形。公司独立人格建立在公司利益之上,公司利益以公司决策自主性为基础。因而,决策自主性是关联公司人格否认的内在逻辑。决策自主性受不当影响,实际构成了关联公司人格否认判断中行为要件的实质判断理由。从最高人民法院第15号指导案例发布以来的类型实证情况来看,这一行为要件具体包括“人格混同”“关联关系下的不当利益输送”“实际控制下的不当资产转移”等不当影响公司决策自主性的类型。以公司决策自主性受不当影响程度为脉络,可构建起关联公司人格否认的动态判断体系。在该动态判断体系中,行为、目的、结果等要件被要素化处理,并以改造后的第15号指导案例所确立的“人格混同”情形为原则性示例,进而形成以行为要素、目的要素、结果要素及因果关系要素内部和互相之间的动态判断体系。这一动态判断体系实际可作为公司人格否认的一般条款看待,在公司法修改中可对此予以明确。Compared with ordinary companies,affiliated companies are theoretically more prone to denial of personality(piercing of the corporate veil)because of their special governance structure and the limitations of limited liability.A company’s independent personality is based on the company’s interests,while the company’s interests are based on the company’s decision-making autonomy.Therefore,it can be concluded that decision-making autonomy is the inherent logic of the personality denial of affiliated companies.Improper influence on decision-making autonomy constitutes the substantive reason for judging the behavior requirement of“abuse of the independent legal person status of the company and the limited liability of shareholders”in the personality denial of affiliated companies.Empirical researches on the personality denial of affiliated companies since the release of Guiding Case No.15 show that,although there are differences in the research results in terms of data statistics,from the perspective of doctrinal analysis of statutory law,a switch should be made from data empirical research to type empirical research.Under the type empirical research,it is possible to dig into the situations of improper influence on decision-making autonomy in the personality denial of affiliated companies,which specifically include“personality mixing”,“improper transfer of benefits under affiliation”,“improper transfer of assets under effective control”and other types.These specific types of behavior requirement present certain levels in the degree of“improper influence on the company’s decision-making autonomy”,which also affect the judgment of other requirements in the personality denial of affiliated companies.Therefore,a dynamic judgment system of personality denial of affiliated companies can be constructed in the context of“improper influence on the company’s decision-making autonomy”in the behavior requirement.This dynamic judgment system replaces the traditional“requirements-effect”stru

关 键 词：关联公司人格否认 公司决策自主性 公司法修改 动态判断体系 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]