河北省脊髓灰质炎疫苗3种基础免疫程序的免疫原性研究  

Study of three kinds of primary immunization schedules with poliovirus vaccine

作　　者：张俊棉[1] 许晓萌 王亚菲[1] 刘曙光[1] 李琦[1] 孙丽[1] Zhang Junmian;Xu Xiaomeng;Wang Yafei;Liu Shuguang;Li Qi;Sun Li(Institute of Immunization Program Management,Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划管理所,石家庄050021

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2022年第5期595-600,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河北省2020年度医学科学研究课题计划(20200693)。

摘　　要：目的比较脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗3种接种程序基础免疫后的免疫原性。方法选择≥2月龄健康婴儿为研究对象,采用完全随机化分组方法分成3组,应用Sabin株含有Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的脊灰灭活疫苗(sIPV)和口服含有Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型的脊灰减毒疫苗(bOPV),按照1剂sIPV+2剂bOPV(1sIPV+2bOPV组)、2剂sIPV+1剂bOPV(2sIPV+1bOPV组)和全程sIPV(3sIPV组)3种程序完成基础免疫,分别采集3组基础免疫前和基础免疫后28~42 d双份血清,应用细胞微量中和试验测定脊灰中和抗体。采用方差分析、秩和检验以及χ^(2)检验进行组间比较。结果3组共205名受试者完成脊灰疫苗基础免疫后血清脊灰中和抗体Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型阳转率均高于97.00%、阳性率均高于98.00%、几何平均滴度(GMT)较基础免疫前均大幅度升高,3组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型基础免疫前后阳性率、GMT差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),3组免疫后GMT均为Ⅰ型最高,Ⅲ型次之,Ⅱ型最低,Ⅱ型GMT水平2sIPV+1bOPV组、3sIPV组均高于1sIPV+2bOPV组。结论3组基础免疫后血清脊灰中和抗体均处于高水平,对脊灰病毒形成了有效的免疫屏障,均具有较好的免疫原性,但不同程序基础免疫后脊灰中和抗体水平存在一定差异,2sIPV+1bOPV组、3sIPV组对Ⅱ型脊灰病毒的免疫原性优于1sIPV+2bOPV组。Objective To compare the immunogenicity of three kinds immunization programs with poliovirus vaccine.Methods Healthy infants aged 2 months or over were selected and divided into three groups by complete randomization method.Basic immunization with Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine(sIPV)and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine(bOPV)were completed.Three kinds of basic immunization procedures were 1sIPV+2bOPV,2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV,respectively.Two qualified serums that before basic immunization and 28-42 days later were collected,and measured the poliovirus neutralizing antibody with microcell neutralization method.To compare the difference by analysis of variance,rank test andχ^(2) test.Results After the basic immunization,205 subjects of the positive conversion rate of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of typesⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere all higher than 97.00%,and the positive rates were all higher than 98.00%,the geometric mean titer(GMT)of neutralizing antibody was significantly higher than that before basic immunization in three groups.There were significant differences in the positive rate and GMT before and after basic immunization of typeⅠ,ⅡandⅢin the three(P<0.05).The highest GMT in three groups after basic immunization were all typeⅠ,followed by typeⅢ,and the lowest in typeⅡ.The GMT of typeⅡin 2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV groups were both higher than that in sIPV+2bOPV group.Conclution After three kinds of basic immunization,the poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of serum were all at high levels in three groups,which could form an effective immune barrier against poliovirus.The immunogenicity of three kinds of basic immunization programs were all well,but there were certain differences of neutralizing antibodies among three kinds basic immunization programs.The immunogenicity in 2sIPV+1bOPV and 3sIPV groups against typeⅡpoliovirus were better than that in 1sIPV+2bOPV group.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 免疫 脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]