添加枣枝炭对猪粪堆肥过程腐熟度影响及评价方法  

Influences of adding jujube charcoal on maturity of pig manure during composting process and evaluation methods

作　　者：李安 张鸿琼[3] 周岭[1,2] 刘福元[4] 王亚梅 LI An;ZHANG Hongqiong;ZHOU Ling;LIU Fuyuan;WANG Yamei(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Alar,Xinjiang 843300;College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]东北农业大学工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [4]新疆农垦科学院畜牧兽医研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2022年第2期80-89,共10页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：中国农业大学—塔里木大学联合基金项目“农业剩余物对畜禽粪污物堆肥腐熟度的影响与评价”(ZNLH202101);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关项目“兵团畜禽规模养殖场废弃物资源化利用技术研究”(2019AB028)。

摘　　要：本试验通过添加枣枝炭耦合猪粪进行好氧堆肥,研究枣枝炭对堆肥过程的影响,采用多种方法对堆肥腐熟度进行评价,为畜禽粪便的合理利用提供参考。选取添加0%、8%、10%、12%枣枝炭堆肥过程中样品的pH值、堆肥高温期(≥50℃)持续时间、种子发芽指数(GI)、E4/E6(堆肥水溶性有机质在465 nm和665 nm的吸光度的比值)4项评价指标进行分析,并对堆体中不同时期的枣枝炭表面形貌进行扫描电子显微镜观察,运用灰色关联法、优劣解距离法(TOPSIS法)和灰色关联-TOPSIS法对堆肥过程中不同时期样品的腐熟度进行评价。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加枣枝炭能够加快堆肥进程,堆体温度、pH值的变化呈现先增大再减小随后趋于稳定,E4/E6值也表现出小分子腐殖酸向着大分子腐殖酸转化,且添加12%的枣枝炭堆肥效果最好。运用上述3种方法对腐熟度进行评价,均显示添加12%枣枝炭实验组的腐熟度最佳,并根据各方法的特点对评价结果进行分析,灰色关联-TOPSIS法更适合堆肥腐熟度评价。综上所述,添加枣枝炭可以促进猪粪好氧堆肥腐熟,用灰色关联-TOPSIS法可以更好地对堆肥产品进行腐熟度评价,判断腐熟物是否可以无害化利用,对于我国的堆肥产业的健康发展十分重要。In this study, the effect of date palm char on the composting process was investigated by coupling pig manure aerobic composting with date palm char, and various methods were used to evaluate the degree of compost maturity and provide reference for the rational utilization of livestock manure.The performance indexes of sample with different proportions of adding jujube charcoal(0%, 8%, 10%, 12%), including pH, period at high temperature, ratio of seed germination, E3/E4(the ratio of absorbance at465 nm to that at 665 nm) were selected and analyzed, respectively. Additionally, the microstructure of jujube charcoal was observed through scanning electron microscope. Using the grey clustering method, TOPSIS method(quality solution distance method) and grey correlation TOPSIS method to the maturities of pig manure were estimated. The results showed that compared to the control group, the composting process could be accelerated by adding jujube charcoal, showing the first increase in the temperature and pH,then decrease and then constant, and the transformation from small molecule humic acid to large molecule humic acid indicated by the value of E4/E6. In addition, the best quality of composting is obtained when the proportions of adding jujube charcoal is 12%.Compared to the other evaluation methods, the grey correlation TOPSIS method is more suitable for estimating the maturity of composing. In conclusion, the adding jujube charcoal can promote the aerobic composting of pig manure, and it is very important for the development of composting industry in China.

关 键 词：枣枝炭 好氧堆肥 腐熟度评价 灰色关联法 TOPSIS 综合评价 

分 类 号：S216.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]