成型有机基质种植板在设施叶用莴苣栽培中的应用效果  

Effects of the Formed Applying Organic Substrate Planting-board in Greenhouse Cultivation of Lettuce

作　　者：毛欣 元文飞 张毅[1] 李亚灵[1] 温祥珍[1] 侯雷平[1] 白龙强 李衍素[2] MAO Xin;YUAN Wenfei;ZHANG Yi;LI Yaling;WEN Xiangzhen;HOU Leiping;BAI Longqiang;LI Yansu(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quality and Profit Improvement for the Protected Vegetables of Shanxi Province,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西省设施蔬菜提质增效协同创新中心,山西太谷030801 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2022年第6期44-49,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ04);山西省重点研发计划项目子课题(201903D211011-3);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2018028);山西省高校科技创新计划项目(2019L0354);国家自然科学基金项目(31801908)。

摘　　要：成型有机基质种植板栽培是将农业有机废弃物栽培基质压制成较大尺寸的设有定植孔的种植板,由机械手臂摆放于设施菜田内进行蔬菜生产的设施蔬菜宜机化栽培模式。为了探求该栽培模式对蔬菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以叶用莴苣为试材,进行成型有机基质种植板(腐熟羊粪∶豌豆秸秆=2 V∶1 V)栽培试验,以常规土壤栽培为对照。结果表明:成型有机基质种植板栽培的叶用莴苣生长势较土壤栽培明显增强,根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、地上部的鲜质量及氮磷钾积累量均较土壤栽培显著增加,增幅分别为34.85%、10.42%、14.98%、101.00%、98.16%、69.96%、78.48%;可食用部分VC、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量较土壤栽培显著增加,而硝态氮含量显著降低。说明成型有机基质种植板栽培在适应机械化作业的同时,能够满足蔬菜生长发育的要求。The formed organic substrate planting-board(OSP)cultivation is carried out by using larger size planting-board with planting holes produced by pressing agricultural organic waste substrates.Those planting-boards were lined up in greenhouses by robotic arm for vegetable production.This model is suitable for mechanized vegetables cultivation.In order to seek the effects of OSP model on growth,yield and quality of vegetables,this paper took lettuce as test material;conducted cultivation experiment on OSP(decomposed sheep manure∶pea straw=2 V∶1 V),taking conventional soil cultivation as the contrast.The results showed that the growth vigor of lettuce grown in OSP was obviously stronger than that in soil cultivation.And root vitality,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,single plant fresh weight above ground and total N,P and K accumulation were obviously increased than those in soil cultivation,amplification was 34.85%,10.42%,14.98%,101.00%,98.16%,69.96%,78.48%,respectively.The contents of VC,soluble protein,soluble sugar in edible parts were obviously increased than those in soil cultivation.While nitrate nitrogen content was significantly reduced,indicating OSP cultivation model could satisfy demand for vegetable growth and development,and at the same time adapting to mechanized operation.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 宜机化栽培 成型有机基质种植板 叶用莴苣 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S636.2