生物炭基质可显著地促进香蕉幼苗生长  

Biochar Medium Could Significantly Improve Banana Seedling Growth

作　　者：魏岚 黄连喜 李翔 王泽煌 陈伟盛 黄庆 黄玉芬 刘忠珍 WEI Lan;HUANG Lianxi;LI Xiang;WANG Zehuang;CHEN Weisheng;HUANG Qing;HUANG Yufen;LIU Zhongzhen(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,P.R.China;Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center of Jiangmen City,Jiangmen 529099,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省农业资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]江门市农业科技创新中心,广东江门529099

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2022年第4期732-739,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金(2022KJ109);江门市科技计划项目(2020030103030008571);2018年广州国家现代农业产业科技创新中心创建项目(粤农农函[2019]451号)。

摘　　要：在香蕉幼苗生长过程中,基质酸化、养分不足或失衡是一个常见的问题,为了解决这一问题,同时兼顾循环利用农林废弃物,按照体积分数分别配制6种不同的基质,分别为CK(100%椰糠),T1(2%生物炭+98%椰糠),T2(5%生物炭+95%椰糠),T3(10%生物炭+90%椰糠),T4(20%生物炭+80%椰糠)和T5(50%生物炭+50%椰糠),采用育苗袋种植巴西蕉组培苗120 d。结果表明,与对照相比,在含生物炭的基质上生长的香蕉假茎长提高了56.3%—93.8%,根长增加了66.7%—155.6%,地上部和地下部干重分别提高了100.6%—174.1%和84.8%—468.2%,同时香蕉幼苗地上部氮磷钾累积量也增加。这显然是由于生物炭显著改善基质肥力性状所致,如pH、有机碳、EC、全氮磷钾和速效磷钾含量,均随着生物炭分数的增加而提高。但是,生物炭分数超过20%,对香蕉幼苗生长的促进作用会降低,最合适的基质是10%生物炭加90%椰糠(T3)。此外,还需要注意,生物炭的促生作用主要表现在幼苗生长后期。It is common that the seedling medium of banana gradually becomes acidic,short of nutrient,and imbalanced.In order to resolve these problems while taking into account the recycling of agricultural and forestry wastes,six different media were prepared with coconut coir dust,traditional substrate,and biochar:CK(100%coconut coir dust in volume percentage),T1(2%biochar+98%coconut coir powder),T2(5%biochar+95%coconut coir powder),T3(10%biochar+90%coconut coir powder),T4(20%Biochar+80%coconut coir powder),and T5(50%biochar+50%coconut coir powder).All the media in bags had been grown with the seedlings of M.paradisiaca for 120 d.The results showed that compared with CK,the seedlings grown in the biochar-contained media showed much higher values of the pseudostem,root length,and above-and below-ground dry matters,which increased 56.3%-93.8%,66.7%-155.6%,100.6%-174.1%,and 84.8%-468.2%,respectively.Moreover,more nutrients such as N,P and K were accumulated in the seedlings grown in biochar-contained media than those grown in CK.The increases of seedling plants were evidently linked with the changes of media after adding biochar.All the parameters such as pH,organic carbon,EC,total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and available phosphorus,and potassium proportionally increased with biochar portions.However,the stimulation effect on the seedlings started to decline when the proportion of biochar exceeded 20%in the medium.A suitable media was 10%biochar plus 90%coconut coir dust in volume(T3).Furthermore,it is worth noting that biochar exerted the stimulation in the later stage of banana seedling growth.

关 键 词：香蕉幼苗 生物炭 椰糠 氮磷钾 pH 生长 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] X712[农业科学—农业基础科学]