西方数据正义研究的三条进路  

Three Research Paths of Western Data Justice

作　　者：黄家诚 田广兰[2] HUANG Jia-cheng;TIAN Guang-lan(School of Philosophy,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102446;School of Politics and Public Administration,Soochow University,Suzhou 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院,北京102446 [2]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,苏州215000

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2022年第3期44-50,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：西方数据正义研究可分为三条进路:治理进路、设计进路和去中心化进路。治理进路旨在矫正数据技术带来的结果不公,设计进路要求依照正义原则设计数据系统,去中心化进路试图揭示在前两种研究中失语的算法歧视及其背后不公正的社会结构。然而,三条研究进路都没能解蔽数据不公的生产机制,在以何种规范性理论为价值根基上也莫衷一是。弗雷泽的三维正义理论从政治、经济和文化三个方面最清晰地说明了社会支配的运作机制,其参与平等理论能够为数据正义研究提供具有普遍性的价值基石。Western data justice research could be divided into three paths:the data governance approach,design approach,and the decentralized approach.The data governance approach aims to justify the unfair consequences raised by the data technology;the design approach requires people to obey the rule of justice when designing data systems;the decentralized approach gives priority to‘algorithmic discrimination’which was blind in the former two approaches and attempts to reveal the broader forms of social injustices behind the discrimination.However,none of the three research approaches can explain the mechanism of the production of data injustice and get consensus on which normative theory should be established as the fundamental value.This paper argues that Fraser’s theory of three-dimensional justice which pays attention to politics,economy,and culture,has the most potential to explain the mechanism of social domination clearly.And the theory of‘participatory parity’put forward by Fraser can provide a desirable and universal value foundation for data justice research.

关 键 词：数据正义 数据治理 设计正义 参与平等 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]