国家安全情报法律体系的合宪性调控:以宪法通信权为中心  

The Constitutionality Regulation of National Security Intelligence Law System:Centered on the Constitutional Right of Correspondence

作　　者：杜吾青 游伟 Du Wuqing;You Wei(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;School of Law,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872 [2]西南财经大学法学院,成都611130

出　　处：《情报杂志》2022年第6期51-57,共7页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“大数据时代我国宪法第40条规范内涵研究”(编号:21XNH020)。

摘　　要：[研究目的]宪法通信权条款是宪法与国家安全情报法律体系的重要连接点,明确通信权条款对国家安全情报各部门法提出的宪法要求,在学理和实践层面具有重要意义。[研究方法]通过对《中华人民共和国宪法》第40条和部门法中通信检查措施进行法解释学分析,厘清通信权的规范结构以及通信检查措施在一般法律保留和加重法律保留两个层面对通信权条款的具体化。[研究结论]国家安全情报法律体系的优化需要以宪法规范为指引,做好以下两方面工作:一是在立法形成层面,加强行政监管措施的制度供给,进一步明确发动技术侦察措施的主体和事由;二是在通信权限制层面,需要对《中华人民共和国宪法》第40条进行宪法解释,并且对紧急状态下通信管制措施进行法律解释,实现部门法体系的“合宪性融贯”。[Research purpose]The correspondence right clause of the constitution plays a significant role in connecting the constitution and the national security intelligence legal system.It is theoretically and practically essential to clarify the constitutional requirements of the correspondence right clause on various department laws of national security intelligence.[Research method]The analysis of Article 40 of the constitution and communication inspection measures in the department law based on law hermeneutics,can not only illustrate the logical structure of the correspondence right,but also clarify the specific requirements of communication inspection measures in general and intensified legal reservation.[Research conclusion]Guided by relevant constitutional norms,two aspects need to be noted regarding the optimization of the national security intelligence legal system.Legislation comes first.The institutional supply of administrative supervision measures needs to be furthered so as to specify who and when to take technical reconnaissance measures.Second is the restriction of correspondence right.Constitutional interpretation of Article 40 and legal interpretation of communication regulatory measures in case of an emergency are needed so as to achieve the"constitution-led integration"of the department law system.

关 键 词：宪法 国家安全 国家安全情报法律 通信权 总体国家安全观 

分 类 号：G369.21[文化科学]