王草收获机旋转刀盘式平茬切割装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Rotary Cutter Disc Type Flat Stubble Cutting Device for King Grass Harvester

作　　者：郇晓龙 尤泳[1] 王德成[1] 李思标 祝露 廖洋洋 HUAN Xiaolong;YOU Yong;WANG Decheng;LI Sibiao;ZHU Lu;LIAO Yangyang(College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第5期112-124,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2021CG0011);财政部和农业农村部:现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS34)。

摘　　要：针对目前王草缺少专用机械收获装备,传统通用型切割装置对王草平茬刈割效果不稳定等问题,设计了一种王草收获机旋转刀盘式平茬切割装置。根据王草簇状分蘖生长的生物特性和平茬刈割的收获要求,完成切割装置的总体结构设计,通过理论分析,确定了切割器和塔轮式输送器的关键结构和工作参数。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA仿真对比单动刀切割和动定刀组合切割的切割效果,结果表明动定刀组合切割断面平整度优于单动刀切割,在刀盘低速切割时,动定刀组合的切割功耗小于单动刀切割;切割输送仿真试验表明塔轮式输送器的输送效果较好,能够实现割后王草茎秆的顺茬输送。搭建切割器试验台,采用Box-Behnken设计方法,选择动定刀间隙、刀盘转速和刀盘倾角为试验因素,留茬破头率和切割功耗为试验指标,建立了因素与指标间的回归模型,通过NSGA-Ⅱ算法,确定切割器最优参数组合为动定刀间隙2.98 mm、刀盘转速为84.7 r/min、刀盘倾角为28.65°,在此参数组合下测得留茬破头率为8.66%,单位切割功耗为7.78 mJ/mm^(2)。在此基础上进行田间试验,试验结果与优化结果基本一致,结果表明旋转刀盘式王草平茬切割装置应用于王草收获总体收割质量较好。In view of lack of special mechanical harvesting equipment,a rotary cutter disc flat stubble cutting device of King grass harvester was designed.According to the biological characteristics of King grass and the harvest requirements of flat stubble cutting,the overall structure design of the cutting device was completed.Through theoretical analysis,the key structures and working parameters of cutter and conveyor were determined.ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used to simulate and compare the cutting effects of single moving knife cutting and moving fixed knife combination cutting.The results showed that the flatness of cutting section with moving and fixed cutter was better than that with single moving cutter.When the cutter head was cutting at low speed,the cutting power consumption of the combination of moving and fixed cutter was less than that of single moving cutter.The conveyor had good conveying effect and can realize the continuous stubble conveying of King grass stalk after cutting.The cutter test-bed was built.Through NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm,the optimal parameter combination of cutter was determined:the blade clearance was 2.98 mm,the cutter head speed was 84.7 r/min,and the cutter head inclination was 28.65°.Under this parameter combination,the stubble breaking rate was 8.66%and the unit cutting power consumption was 7.78 mJ/mm^(2).On this basis,the field experiment was carried out,and the experimental results were basically consistent with the optimization results.The results showed that the overall harvest quality was better when the rotary cutter disc flat stubble cutting device was applied to the harvest of King grass.

关 键 词：王草收获机 平茬切割 旋转刀盘式切割器 塔轮式输送器 

分 类 号：S226.8[农业科学—农业机械化工程]