动物骨热解过程中产物特性变化规律研究  

Product Characteristics Changes during Animal Bone Pyrolysis

作　　者：王梦妍 刘烨 姚玉梅[1] 张新雁 韩鲁佳[1] 刘贤[1] WANG Mengyan;LIU Ye;YAO Yumei;ZHANG Xinyan;HAN Lujia;LIU Xian(College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第5期357-365,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS36)。

摘　　要：热解法是屠宰废弃骨合理处理与利用的有效手段,且动物骨原料差异对其热解特性与产物特性具有显著影响。以牛、猪骨为研究对象,基于热重、红外光谱和质谱(TG-FTIR-MS)及扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDX)等方法,研究了动物骨的热解过程及产物变化规律。结果表明:主要热解阶段为350~600℃,产生了CO_(2)、NH_(3)等无机气体和CH_(4)等有机气体。炭化阶段后CO释放,在骨炭中生成了金属羰基。热解温度升高,骨炭的碱性及灰分含量提高,900℃时灰分质量分数超过90%。由于猪骨含有较多的脂肪,脂肪酸裂解生成大量短链烃。而牛骨灰分更多,炭产率可达60%。500℃牛骨炭比表面积为172 m^(2)/g,孔隙特征更利于物理吸附作用。Pyrolysis is an effective method to treat waste bones from livestock slaughter and a large amount of chars,which can be effectively used as adsorbents and other materials,are produced in the pyrolysis process.Based on the thermogravimetry,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry(TG-FTIR-MS)as well as scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),the pyrolysis process and product information of bovine bones and porcine bones were systematically studied.The release characteristics of gaseous products had a relationship with the characteristics of thermogravimetry.More organic gases were produced in porcine bones during pyrolysis because of the high fat contents,including CH_(4),C_(2)H_(4),and C_(2)H_(6).CO_(2)and NH_(3) were released in the main pyrolysis stage(350~600℃).The aromaticity of bone char formed and was at a relatively high level at 500℃and bone chars had a strong stability.During the carbonization stage,a small amount of CO was gradually released,and substances containing metal carbonyls were formed in the char.C was lost in the form of gas,while Ca and P accumulated during pyrolysis and remaind in inorganic components such as hydroxyapatite(Ca_(10)(PO_(4))_(6)(OH)_(2)).Further,bovine bone char and porcine bone char were prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures(500~900℃),and the yields of them were maintained at 60%and 50%,respectively.The yield of low-temperature chars was higher.For the two types of bone char,the pyrolysis temperature and the types of raw materials had certain effects on their physical and chemical properties.The alkalinity and ash content of the bone char were increased with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature.The ash content of bone chars exceeded 90%at 900℃,and the pH value of the bovine bone char was significantly higher than that of porcine bone char.As the pyrolysis temperaturewas increased,the pore volume of bone char was decreased and the pore diameter was increased.The BET specific surface area of bovine bone

关 键 词：骨炭 炭化 热解温度 红外光谱 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] TQ424[化学工程]