基于AquaCrop模型的冬小麦咸淡轮灌制度模拟与评价  

Simulation and Evaluation of Cycle Irrigation with Brackish and Fresh Water for Winter Wheat Based on AquaCrop Model

作　　者：朱成立[1] 徐雨琳 黄明逸 郑君玉 张帆[1] 曹磊齐 ZHU Chengli;XU Yulin;HUANG Mingyi;ZHENG Junyu;ZHANG Fan;CAO Leiqi(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangsu Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]江苏省水利勘测设计研究院有限公司,扬州225127

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第4期330-342,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900701)。

摘　　要：为探寻适宜冬小麦的咸水灌溉方法,针对拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期开展了不同咸淡轮灌方式(淡淡淡(A0)、咸淡淡(A1)、淡咸淡(A2)、淡淡咸(A3),咸水矿化度为10 dS/m)及单次灌水量(40 mm(I1)、60 mm(I2)、80 mm(I3)、100 mm(I4))的田间试验,利用AquaCrop模型对咸淡轮灌下土壤水盐和冬小麦生长生产进行校验,并通过情景模拟优化了咸淡轮灌方案。结果表明:AquaCrop模型可以较好地模拟咸淡轮灌下土壤水盐状况及冬小麦生物量和籽粒产量,率定时土壤含水率、土壤含盐量、冠层覆盖度、累积蒸发蒸腾量、生物量和籽粒产量的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为1.06%~2.09%、0.03~0.27 dS/m、4.2%~11.0%、14.95~52.17 mm、0.57~0.86 t/hm^(2)和0.28 t/hm^(2),验证时最终生物量和籽粒产量的RMSE分别为0.51 t/hm^(2)和0.33 t/hm^(2),且各指标决定系数(R^(2))均大于0.70,一致性指数(d)均大于0.75。利用校准后的模型模拟64种咸淡轮灌情景下的籽粒产量,对咸淡轮灌方案进行优化:咸水含盐量为2~14 dS/m时,抽穗期或灌浆期灌1次咸水获得95%和90%最大产量所需单次灌水量范围分别为79.3~93.1 mm和66.1~79.9 mm、79.6~90.8 mm和67.0~78.1 mm,抽穗期和灌浆期均灌咸水则需单次灌水量为80.4~102.6 mm和67.3~89.5 mm。In order to explore the suitable irrigation method of brackish water for winter wheat,field experiments were carried out with different cycle irrigation methods and four single irrigation quota(40 mm(I1),60 mm(I2),80 mm(I3)and 100 mm(I4))at jointing,heading and filling stages.There were four cycle irrigation treatments,that was,fresh-fresh-fresh,brackish-fresh-fresh,fresh-brackish-fresh and fresh-fresh-brackish,the salt content of brackish water was 10 dS/m.The AquaCrop model was used to calibrate and verify soil water and salt and winter wheat growth and production under salt water cycle irrigation.The salty cycle irrigation scheme was optimized through irrigation scenario simulation.The results showed that the AquaCrop model could simulate the soil water and salt status,the biomass and grain yield of winter wheat under salt water rotation irrigation.The RMSE of soil water,soil salinity,canopy cover,accumulative evapotranspiration,biomass and grain yield were 1.06%~2.09%,0.03~0.27 dS/m,4.2%~11.0%,14.95~52.17 mm,0.57~0.86 t/hm^(2) and 0.28 t/hm^(2) during calibration,respectively.The RMSE of final biomass and grain yield were 0.51 t/hm^(2) and 0.33 t/hm^(2) when verifying.Respectively,the coefficient of determination(R^(2))of each index was greater than 0.70,and the consistency index(d)was greater than 0.75.The calibrated model was used to simulate the grain yield under 64 salt water rotation irrigation scenarios,and the salt water rotation irrigation scheme was optimized:when the salt water content was 2~14 dS/m,the range of single irrigation amount needed for 95%and 90%of the maximum yield by one irrigation of salt water at heading stage or filling stage was 79.3~93.1 mm and 66.1~79.9 mm,79.6~90.8 mm and 67.0~78.1 mm,respectively,when salt water was irrigated at both heading stage and filling stage,the single irrigation amount was 80.4~102.6 mm and 67.3~89.5 mm,respectively.

关 键 词：冬小麦 AquaCrop模型 咸淡轮灌 水盐 灌溉制度优化 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512[农业科学—农业工程]