凋落物厚度对阿尔泰山新疆落叶松土壤种子库的影响  

Effect of Litter Thickness on Soil Seed Bank of Larix sibirica in Altai Mountain

作　　者：张炎[1,2] 徐海量 Zhang Yan;Xu Hailiang(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《绿色科技》2022年第10期29-32,36,共5页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天然林保护工程项目。

摘　　要：阿尔泰山地处对气候变化敏感的中高纬度,近年来森林退化严重。新疆落叶松(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)是阿尔泰山脉天然针叶林中数量最多的树种,是典型的寒温带针叶树,然而其种群自然更新缓慢,严重制约了林地的恢复。对阿尔泰山新疆落叶松纯林不同厚度(3 cm、5 cm、10 cm)的凋落物类型的枯枝落叶层、土层0~5 cm和5~10 cm的土壤种子库储量、质量、分布格局和种子形态进行了试验研究。结果显示:新疆落叶松土壤种子库受到凋落物厚度的影响,种子储量随着凋落物厚度的增加而增加;无论在哪种凋落物厚度下,种子主要分布在枯枝落叶层,而随着土层深度增加种子数量减少,到5~10 cm土层几乎没有种子分布;阿尔泰山落叶松种子库质量较差,有活力种子不超过16%,被取食种子占比最大,超过40%,随着凋落物厚度增加,完整和有活力种子占比逐渐降低,被取食、腐烂种子数逐渐增加;凋落物厚度对种子千粒重有负面影响,而对种子形态影响不大。此结果揭示了阿尔泰山新疆落叶松土壤种子库随凋落物厚度变化的特征,给出了阿尔泰山新疆落叶松种群自然更新的限制因子,能够为林地的自然恢复提供理论指导。The Altai Mountain,located in the middle and high latitudes,is sensitive to climate change and has suffered serious forest degradation in recent years.Xinjiang Larix sibirica Ledeb.is the most abundant tree species in the natural coniferous forest of the Altai Mountains,and is a typical coniferous tree in the cold temperate zone.However,the natural regeneration of its population is slow,which seriously limits the restoration of forest land.This paper studied the storage and quality of soil seed bank,distribution patterns and morphological characteristics of pure larch forest in different thickness(3cm,5cm and 10cm)of litter types of litter layer,soil layer 0~5cm and 5~10cm.The results showed that the soil seed storage was different under the conditions of different litter thickness types.When the litter thickness of Larch was 10cm,the seed storage was the highest.When the litter thickness of larch was 3cm,the seed storage was the least,and the seeds were mainly concentrated in the litter layer.In terms of the quality of soil seed bank,the seed vigor was low and the situation of being eaten was serious.With the increase of litter thickness,seed length and 1000-seed weight gradually decreased,but the change of width and height was not obvious.In order to provide theoretical guidance for natural restoration of forest land,this paper explored the limiting factors of natural regeneration of Larch population by revealing the characteristics of soil seed bank variation with litter thickness in Altai Mountain.

关 键 词：新疆落叶松 凋落物厚度 分布格局 土壤种子库 种子活力 种子形态 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]