地权分置、资本下乡与乡村振兴——基于公共服务的视角  

A Study on Land Ownership Division,Capital Flow to Countryside and Rural Revitalization from a Public Service Perspective

作　　者：赵燕菁[1] 宋涛[1] Zhao Yanjing;Song Tao

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2022年第1期41-50,281,282,共12页Social Science Front

摘　　要：脱贫攻坚完成后,乡村振兴将是中国面临的更艰巨的任务。与主流经济学的分析不同,文章认为乡村衰败的原因并不是农民缺少土地交易的自主权,由乡村集体组织解体导致的基础设施和公共服务匮乏、土地产权碎化以及集体经济对资本的屏蔽才是造成城乡之间发展差距的根本原因。回归古典成本函数,将市场视为由公共和个体构成的一元整体,分析公共财富与私人财富之间的共生关系,可以发现集体所有制的制度潜力并没有被全部挖掘。未来农村制度改革的方向应该是将村集体组织改造为能够捕获各类资本的现代组织,并由其承担重资产的公共服务,从而使农户可以轻资产运行。由于小农生产模式和公共服务集体之间存在内在冲突,因此,需要将耕地的所有权和使用权分置,重建国家和农民之间的利益关系,进而在此基础上建立农业平台,完成农业的资本化。是否完善了公共服务以及能否自主地创造充足的现金流是检验乡村振兴的重要标准,为此,要尝试设计价格型政策工具,探索多样化的运营模式,努力推动资本下乡。After poverty alleviation is completed,China now faces rural revitalization as a more challenging task. This study,different from the analysis of mainstream economics,argues that rural decline is not due to the lack of farmers’ autonomy in land transactions,but rather the lack of infrastructure and public services caused by the disintegration of rural collective organizations,the fragmentation of land property rights and the collective economy’s shielding of capital are the fundamental reasons for the development gap between urban and rural areas. In the context of returning to the classical cost function and regarding the market as a unitary whole composed of public and individual parts,analysis of the symbiotic relationship between public wealth and private wealth indicates that the institutional potential of collective ownership has not been fully tapped. In future,rural system reform should be directed to transform the original village collective organization into a modern one that can capture all kinds of capital and undertake asset-heavy public services,so that farmers can operate with light assets. Due to the internal conflict between smallholder production mode and collective provision of public services,it is necessary to separate the ownership and use right of farmland,restore the land grant tradition by the state and rebuild the interest relationship between the state and farmers,which will establish a strong agricultural platform to complete the capitalization of agriculture. Improving public services and creating sufficient cash flow independently are important criteria for testing rural revitalization.To achieve this goal,we should try to design price-based policy tools,explore diversified operation modes and promote capital flow to the countryside. When countryside can obtain public services similar to cities’,the countryside itself will be a city at this time.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 公共服务 土地产权 集体经济 资本下乡 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] F812.8