自然文学语篇的态度意义及历史语境解读——以《沙乡年鉴》中《土地伦理》一文为例  

The Attitudinal Meaning of Nature Writing Discourse and Its Interpretation in Historical Context:A Case Study on “The Land Ethic” in A Sand County Almanac

作　　者：黄芳 曾蕾 HUANG Fang;ZENG Lei(School of Foreign Languages/Library,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of International Studies,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学外国语学院/图书馆,广州510275 [2]中山大学国际翻译学院,珠海519082

出　　处：《北京科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期264-271,共8页Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：任何话语都蕴含着一定的态度或立场,同时总是产生于特定的社会语境中,自然文学语篇也不例外。自然文学语篇以自然科学为基础,通过独特的文学形式,展现人与自然的平等、和谐,同时历史语境有助于更好、更深入地解读文学文本。文章运用评价理论对自然文学经典之作《沙乡年鉴》中代表性语篇《土地伦理》的态度意义进行分析,并从历史语境对其进行解读。分析发现,《土地伦理》蕴含丰富的态度资源,其中以鉴赏类最多、判断类次之,情感类最少,既有铭刻式也有引发式的表征。通过这些态度资源,作者利奥波德表达了其对土地价值的充分肯定、对美国当时资源保护主义政策的批判以及呼吁人们保护生态、促进人与自然和谐共生的生态意识。通过历史语境解读,我们发现利奥波德的成长和工作生活经历、美国当时的社会经济背景、资源保护政策以及科学理论等,是利奥波德在其自然文学语篇中通过科学、客观、详实的论述,凸显人与自然平等、和谐生态思想的重要原因。文章的分析不仅有利于更好地挖掘《沙乡年鉴》的文学性、思想性及历史意义,验证评价理论对文学作品的解释力,以及历史语境对文学作品解读的重要性,同时也是把评价理论放在文化语境中考量的一种尝试。Every text is endowed with certain attitude or stance that arises in a specific social context. Based on natural sciences, nature writing discourse displays the equality and harmony between human beings and nature through unique literary forms. Historical context helps us have a better and deeper understanding of literary texts.This paper applies Appraisal Theory to the analysis of the attitudinal meaning of “The Land Ethic”, the representative text in A Sand County Almanac and interprets it in historical context. It is found that both inscribing and invoking attitude are contained in “The Land Ethic” and Appreciation is described most frequently, followed by Judgment and Affect. Through these attitudinal resources, the author Leopold expressed his full appreciation of the value of the land, his criticism of the U.S. conservation system at that time, and his ecological awareness of calling on people to protect the ecology and promote the human-nature harmonious coexistence. And through its interpretation in historical context, it is found that Leopold’s life and work experience, the social-economic background and the conservation system of the U.S., scientific theories at that time, etc. are the important reasons that Leopold highlighted his ecological thoughts of human-nature equality and harmony through scientific, objective and detailed exposition. The present study will not only help dig out the literary, ecological and historical significance of A Sand County Almanac, but also test the interpretive power of the Appraisal Theory on literary works and the importance of historical context in the interpretation of literary works. At the same time, it is also an attempt to apply Appraisal Theory to analyzing texts in cultural context.

关 键 词：态度意义 自然文学 历史语境 《沙乡年鉴》 《土地伦理》 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]