灌溉制度和品种对冬小麦产量性状和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Irrigation System and Variety on Yield Characters and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

作　　者：付佳祥 党红凯[2] 李晓爽 柴春岭[1] 高惠嫣[1] 王晓玲[1] 刘宏权[1] FU Jia-xiang;DANG Hong-kai;LI Xiao-shuang;CHAI Chun-ling;GAO Hui-yan;WANG Xiao-ling;LIU Hong-quan(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei Province,China;Institute of Dry Farming,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hengshui 053000,Hebei Province,China;College of Life Sciences,Hengshui University,Hengshui 053000,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071001 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 [3]衡水学院生命科学学院,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第6期169-174,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：河北省重点研发专项“基于黑龙港农业水资源承载力的小麦玉米适水绿色高效生产关键技术集成示范”(19227003D);河北省节水灌溉装备产业技术研究院基金(SC2018005);农业部商丘农业环境科学观测实验站开放课题《冬小麦种植过程中面源污染机理及防控技术研究》(FIRI2019-02-0102)。

摘　　要：为明确灌溉制度和品种对冬小麦产量性状和水分利用效率的影响,于2020—2021年选取4个品种为试验材料(衡4399、衡4444、衡麦28和石麦22),在田间设置5个水分处理(不灌水对照处理-CK,1水-W1,2水-W2,3水-W3,4水-W4),每次灌水定额为75 mm,研究了冬小麦的穗部性状、生物量、产量及构成要素和水分利用效率。研究结果表明:冬小麦穗长随灌溉次数增加而增加,结实小穗数在W3处理最大,不孕小穗数在W2处理最小;茎的生物量所占总生物量的比例随灌溉次数的增加而降低,叶和穗则随之增加,衡4444、衡麦28和石麦22的生物量显著高于衡4399;冬小麦的单位面积穗数随灌溉次数的增加而增加,受灌溉制度影响显著,穗粒数在W3处理达到虽大,衡4444、衡麦28和石麦22的千粒重在W3处理最大,衡4399在W4处理达到最大;W1、W2、W3和W4处理较CK处理籽粒产量增加68.15%、98.68%、120.76%和136.85%,衡麦28较衡4399、衡4444和石麦22籽粒产量增加12.53%、6.33%和6.55%;衡4399在W3处理达到最大水分利用效率为2.39 kg/m^(3),衡麦28、衡4444和石麦22均在W2处理达到最大2.49、2.48和2.43 kg/m^(3)。综上,衡麦28搭配W2灌水处理可获得较高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率。In order to clarify the effects of irrigation schedules and varieties on winter wheat yield traits and water use efficiency,4 varieties(Heng 4399,Heng 4444,Hengmai 28 and Shimai 22)are selected from 2020 to 2021,and 5 are set in the field.Water treatment(non-irrigated control treatment-CK,1 water-W1,2 water-W2,3 water-W3,4 water-W4),each irrigation quota is 75 mm,the ear traits,biomass,yield,components and water use efficiency of winter wheat are studied.The results of the study show that the ear length of winter wheat increases with the increase in irrigation times.The number of fruiting spikelets is the largest in W3 treatment,and the number of infertile spikelets is the smallest in W2 treatment.The proportion of stem biomass to total biomass increases with the increase in irrigation times.The biomass of Heng 4444,Hengmai 28 and Shimai 22 are significantly higher than Heng 4399.The number of ears per unit area of winter wheat increases with the increase in irrigation frequency,which is significantly affected by the irrigation system.In W3 treatment,the 1000-grain weight of Heng 4444,Hengmai 28 and Shimai 22 is the largest in W3 treatment,and Heng 4399 reaches the maximum in W4 treatment.The grain yield of W1,W2,W3,and W4 increases by 68.15%and 98.68 compared with CK treatment.%,120.76%and 136.85%,Hengmai 28 increases by 12.53%,6.33%and 6.55%compared with Heng 4399,Heng 4444 and Shimai 22 grain yield.Heng 4399 reaches the maximum water use efficiency of 2.39 kg/m^(3)in W3 treatment,Hengmai 28 Mai 28,Heng 4444 and Shi Mai 22 reaches the maximum2.49,2.48 and 2.43 kg/m^(3)in W2 treatment.In summary,Hengmai 28 combined with W2 irrigation treatment can achieve higher grain yield and water use efficiency.

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌溉制度 品种 穗部性状 生物量 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]