社会政策层级实施中的省级政府:一个类型学分析  

The Role of Provincial Governments in China’s Top-down Social Policy Implementation:A Typological Study

作　　者：楼苏萍[1] 白雪婷 LOU Suping;BAI Xueting(School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学政治学与公共管理学院

出　　处：《公共管理评论》2022年第1期5-25,共21页China Public Administration Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农业转移人口市民化的政策协同研究”(项目批准号:18BZZ076);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国基本公共服务供给侧改革与获得感提升研究”(项目批准号:16ZD080)资助。

摘　　要：在公共政策自上而下的实施过程中,地方政府既受到中央政府与上级政府的控制,又有着自主性空间,由此导致了公共政策实施的地方差异。其中,处于承上启下位置的省级政府的角色及影响值得关注。文章以省级政府为研究对象,基于决策模拟提出了社会政策层级实施体系中省级政府角色的理想类型。以中央职能部门要求地方出台的高龄老人津贴政策为例,论文通过政策文本分析等方法识别了该项政策中31个省级政府的角色类别,并对理论假说做出检验。研究发现:实践中省级政府存在着转包者、施压者、政策设计者和合作提供者这4种角色类型。探索性分析表明,省级政府角色不同,政策在省以下的推行与实施结果也存在不同。A mix of hierarchical control and local autonomy is one of the most prominent features of China’s social policy implementation.The majority of social policy programs initiated by the central government will be implemented by the local levels,such as the provinces,cities,or counties.Although each level of government has a certain autonomy in terms of policy implementation,there are also regional differences.The role of mid-level governments,such as provincial governments,in policy implementation is worthy of attention,especially whether they prefer more autonomy or more hierarchical control.This article,with a focus on provincial governments,proposes a typology of the roles of provincial governments in China’s top-down social policy implementation.By combining the various characteristics of social policy and simulating key points in the decision-making process,this study constructs a theoretical model to understand the role of provincial governments in social policy implementation.The simulation framework includes three key issues during the provincial governments’ decision-making process:(1) whether to include the issue on the policy agenda,(2) whether to propose specific policy designs at the provincial level,and(3) whether to assume financial responsibility for the welfare of the beneficiaries.The heterogenic choices at each decision point are indicative of the differences in the degree of involvement of the provincial government,thus leading to five types of roles,including that of subcontractor,bureaucratic controller,policy designer,cooperative provider,or direct provider.Using the Ministry of Civil Affairs 2019 “Old-age Allowance” policy as a representative case,this study conducted a textual analysis of 31 provincial governments based on a coding of policy documents.As of 2019,nine provinces,including Anhui,were playing the role of subcontractors,seven provinces,including Zhejiang,were playing the role of policy designers,five provinces,including Guangdong,were playing the role of bureaucratic co

关 键 词：省级政府 层级实施 社会政策 类型学 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]