不同棉花品种在覆膜无膜条件下的栽培模式研究  

Study on Cultivation Modes of Different Cotton Varieties under Film Mulching and Non-mulching Conditions

作　　者：王娟[1] 严玉萍[2] 朱波[2] 冯振秀[2] 曹阳[2] 董承光[1] WANG Juan;YAN Yu-ping;ZHU Bo;FENG Zhen-xiu;Cao Yang;DONG Cheng-guang(Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang;The Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural Science Research Institute,Shuanghe 833408,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第五师农业科学研究所,新疆双河833408

出　　处：《绿洲农业科学与工程》2022年第1期27-33,共7页Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering

基　　金：兵团农业科技创新工程专项(NCG202222);兵团科技创新人才计划(2020CB004);兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划(2019CB016)。

摘　　要：利用不同棉花品种在覆膜与无膜条件下采用不同栽培模式进行试验,通过分析不同处理下棉花主要育种目标性状的表现,综合筛选出北疆棉区在无膜栽培条件下适宜的品种和适合的栽培方式。以适宜机采的2个早熟棉花品种新陆早82号、Y21和2个早中熟棉花新品系17-7、863为研究材料,采用滴灌栽培方式和裂-裂区试验设计,在覆膜与无膜条件下研究不同品种、不同栽培模式对棉花生育期、产量及纤维品质的影响。结果表明,4个棉花品种(系)在覆膜处理下均比无膜处理下出苗快、整齐且生育期缩短;株高、果枝数和铃数表现为无膜处理小于覆膜处理,果枝始节位表现为无膜处理大于覆膜处理,且无膜处理下早熟品种的株高、果枝数和铃数大于早中熟品种;早熟品种的纤维品质综合表现为无膜处理优于覆膜处理,早中熟品系则表现相反;无膜处理4个品种(系)的籽棉产量和皮棉产量都极显著低于覆膜处理;一膜六行和一膜三行不同栽培模式对棉花纤维品质和产量性状影响不显著;品种Y21在一膜三行栽培模式下,覆膜处理下籽棉产量及皮棉产量表现最高,无膜处理下纤维品质表现最优,品种Y21可做为优质无膜棉品种进行后续的配套高产栽培技术研究及示范应用。The experiment was carried out by using different cultivation modes of different cotton varieties under film mulching and non-mulching conditions.Through analyzing the main agronomic characters,yield and fiber quality characters of cotton under different treatments,the suitable varieties and cultivation modes under non-mulching conditions were comprehensively screened out in northern Xinjiang.Two early-maturing cotton varieties Xinluzao 82,Y21 and two new early-mid-maturing cotton lines 17-7 and 863 which are suitable for machine picking were used as research materials.We designed split-split plot experiment with the drip irrigation cultivation mode and researched the influence of cotton growth period,yield and fiber quality under the non-mulching condition with different varieties and different cultivation mode.The experimental results showed that the emergence of four cotton varieties(lines)with film mulching was faster,more evenly and shorter than that without film mulching.The value of plant height,fruit branch number and boll number without film was less than that with film mulching,but first fruit node was opposite.Plant height,fruit branch number and boll number of early maturing varieties were higher than those of early-mid-maturing varieties without film mulching.The fiber quality of early maturing varieties was better without film than with film mulching,but the fiber quality of early-mid-maturing varieties was opposite.The seed cotton yield and lint yield of four varieties(lines)without film mulching treatment were significantly lower than those under film mulching treatment,but the yield effect to two early maturing varieties was lower than that to two early-mid-maturing varieties.The results showed that the seed cotton yield and lint yield of four varieties(lines)under different cultivation modes were significantly lower than those under non-film mulching treatment.With the cultivation mode of three rows in one film,Y21 had the highest seed cotton yield and lint yield under film mulching treatment,an

关 键 词：棉花 无膜研究 不同栽培模式 品种选育 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]