历史书写与现实诉求——朝鲜王朝洪启禧《文山先生详传》考释  

The Textual Interpretation on Hong Gye-hee’s Wenshan Xiansheng Xiangzhuan of the Choson Dynasty

作　　者：孙卫国[1] Sun Weiguo

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第2期93-109,I0005,I0006,共19页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“韩国汉文史部文献编年与专题研究”(项目编号:21&ZD242)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：洪启禧系朝鲜王朝英祖朝重臣和主要史官,尽管任职多个部门,修史却是他一生的志业。英祖是朝鲜王朝在位时间最长的国王,当时朝鲜已臣服清朝百余年,但在性理学“华夷观”的影响下,朝鲜在文化心态上难以认同清朝,“胡无百年之运”的说法甚嚣尘上,英祖高举“尊周思明”的大旗,既扩建大报坛,又藉燕行使从北京购来文天祥画像,将文天祥画像崇祀于三忠祠。洪启禧是英祖朝“尊周思明”理念的宣扬者,在议定崇祀文天祥画像两年后,他主要以《文山集》中的材料为据,草成三卷本《文山先生详传》。以文天祥自撰材料,叙述他的生平经历,较之中国近代以前任何文天祥传部头都更大,对其生平事迹的叙述也最详尽。开篇就以梦等神秘事件的写法,强化文天祥的使命感,也借以表达该传的象征意义。该传不仅有助于对文天祥的了解以及《文天祥全集》的订正,也有助于深入理解清代中朝关系。Hong Gye-hee was one of the most important ministers and official historians during the reign of King Injo of Choson. He served in many departments of the government,but he devoted his life to the compliation of historical books. King Injo was the longest-reigning king in the Choson Dynasty. The Choson has subjected to the Qing Dynasty for more than 100 years. However,the Choson,who were under the influence of the neo-Confucianists’ ‘Hua-Yi View’,could not agree with the view of the Qing Dynasty in terms of cultural mentality that‘Hu(the barbarians)does not have one-hundred-year destiny’. King Injo highly held the banner of‘honouring the Zhou Dynasty and longing for the Ming Dynasty’in many ways,such as expanding the Taebo Altar and worshipping Wen Tianxiang’s portrait at the Three Loyalists Temple. Hong Gye-hee was one of the main propagandists of‘respecting the thoughts of the Zhou Dynasty’during the reign of King Injo. After two years when agreeing to worship Wen Tianxiang,he primarily completed a three-volume detailed biography of Wen Tianxiang which was mainly based on materials inWenshan Collections. With the most detailed account of Wen Tianxiang’s life,this biography titledWenshan Xiansheng Xiangzhuanwas the largest version of the biography of Wen Tianxiang before the modern period of China. Adopting a dream and other mysterious events as the beginning,it reinforced Wen Tianxiang’s sense of mission and conveyed the symbolic meaning of the biography. It is helpful not only to understand the figure of Wen Tianxiang,but also to understand the relationship between China and Korea during the Qing Dynasty and the revision of the collection of Wen Tianxiang.

关 键 词：朝鲜王朝 洪启禧 文天祥 文山先生详传 尊周思明 

分 类 号：K312.34[历史地理—历史学] K827[历史地理—世界史]