19世纪朝鲜哲宗时期的王权运作与对华关系  

The Kingship Operation and the Relation with China during the Reign of King Cheoljong of Chosǒn in the 19^(th) Century

作　　者：黄修志[1] Huang Xiuzhi

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学文学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第2期110-123,I0006,共15页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“朝鲜王朝‘三十年危机’与东亚秩序转型研究”(项目编号:21CSS018);山东省泰山学者工程专项经费资助项目(项目编号:tsqn201812095)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪,朝鲜王权面临空前的内外危机,这在哲宗时期尤为显著。内政方面,安东金氏全面控制了哲宗国王,登上势道政治的顶峰。面对诸多不堪的“往事”,哲宗在安东金氏主导下采取诸多重构家族历史的举措,包括删改档案记录、赴京辩诬祖父罪行、辩诬太祖事迹、修改家族谱牒、追尊金氏先祖等,以巩固哲宗的王权合法性和安东金氏的执政名分。对华关系方面,清朝正值太平天国起义和第二次鸦片战争,对朝鲜产生强烈冲击,哲宗积极搜集关于“贼匪”“洋夷”的情报,加强与清朝的联系,从而形成坚实的“奉清”“尊清”观念,使“小中华”思想发生重要转变。因此,哲宗时期的王权运作与对华关系,体现了一些关键问题:朝鲜对华关系由内部的权力运作机制决定,官方史学成为王权与各方势力的竞技场,势道政治的本质是地方精英对中央和王权的挑战,东亚王权在面对历史与他者时总有合法性焦虑和多面性策略。In the 19^(th) century,especially during the reign of King Cheoljong,the kingship of the Chosǒn dynasty faced an unprecedented crisis both internally and externally. On one hand,Andong Kim clan took full control of King Cheoljong and ascended to the top of the Sedo politics. In the face of many dishonourable‘past events’,King Cheoljong took many measures to reconstruct the family history under the manipulation of Andong Kim clan,including the revision of the archives,the defense of his grandfather’s crime by going to Beijing,the capital of the Qing dynasty,the defense of Yi Song-gye’s deeds,the modification of the family genealogy and the veneration of ancestors of Andong Kim clan.This consolidated the legitimacy of King Cheoljong’s kingship and the ruling status of Andong Kim clan. On the other hand,the Qing dynasty underwent the Taiping Rebellion and the Second Opium War during this period,which had a strong influence on the Chosǒn dynasty. Accordingly,King Cheoljong actively collected the intelligence about‘bandits’ and‘barbarians’,and strengthened the contact with the Qing dynasty. So the Chosǒn dynasty formed a solid concept of‘worship Qing’or‘revere Qing’,making a significant transformation of its‘Smaller China’thought. Therefore,it can conclude some key issues from King Cheoljong’s kingship operation and the Sino-Korean relationship.More specially,the Chosǒn dynasty’s relation with China was determined by its internal kingship operation mechanism,the official historiography became the arena between kingship and other political groups,the essence of the Sedo politics was local elites challenging the central government and the kingship,the East Asian kingship in the face of history and the other always had legitimacy anxiety and corresponding multifaceted strategy.

关 键 词：朝鲜哲宗 安东金氏 势道政治 史册辩诬 对华关系 

分 类 号：K312.34[历史地理—历史学] D829.312.5[历史地理—世界史]