异质性分权的污染效应:来自市县政府体制改革的证据  

Polluting Effects of Heterogeneous Decentralisation: Evidence from China’s Reform of the Local Governance System

作　　者：余锦亮 Yu Jinliang

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院财政税务系,湖南省长沙市410079

出　　处：《世界经济》2022年第5期185-207,共23页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72003060)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于扩权强县和财政省直管县两类分权改革,检验了异质性分权的污染效应。结果显示:经济分权改革后试点县面临更高增长目标,污染企业规模和程度均显著增加,环境执法力度与污染治理投资显著降低,从而加剧了辖区污染水平。与此对应,财政分权改革后试点县增长速度放缓,财政压力减轻,环境执法力度和污染治理投资显著增加,辖区环境质量得到改善。基于此,本文认为应当转变传统的适应高速经济增长的政府管理体制,融入绿色可持续发展理念,合理有序推进分权改革,构建现代化国家治理体系,建设美丽中国。The rational division of fiscal and administrative powers among governments constitutes an important institutional basis for promoting ecological and coordinated development in China, while the difference in the type of decentralisation can lead to different environmental effects. This paper treats province-managing-county reform and county-power-expansion reform as two types of decentralisation, and analyses their different environmental effects using county-level panel data. The results show that the economic decentralisation reform significantly aggravates the pollution level of the pilot counties. Analysis of the mechanism shows that an important increase in the pollution scale and intensity, and a noticeable decrease in environmental investment and regulation after expansion to achieve a higher economic growth target, are the main reasons for this result. Consequently, since the pilot counties subject to the fiscal decentralisation reform are directly administered by the provincial government, with slower economic growth, stricter environmental regulation and greater investment in pollution control, they have fewer polluting activities and higher environmental quality. Therefore, this paper suggests that the traditional system of fiscal and administrative government management that adapts to the new and accelerated economic growth must be transformed, integrating the concept of ecological and sustainable development and taking into account the order and scope of the decentralisation reform in order to build a modern national governance system and a flourishing China.

关 键 词：经济分权 财政分权 财政压力 环境执法力度 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] D630[政治法律—政治学] F812.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]