电磁能作用下Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金微观组织演变  

Microstructure evolution of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni piston alloy under the action of electromagnetic energy

作　　者：刘宝志 闫春雷 黄斌 李守军 李艳霞 邢淑清[2] LIU Bao-zhi;YAN Chun-lei;HUANG Bin;LI Shou-jun;LI Yan-xia;XING Shu-qing(Baotou Weifeng Rare Earth Electromagnetic Materials Co Ltd.,Baotou 014010,China;School of Material and Metallurgy,Rare Earth College,Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology,Baotou 014010,China)

机构地区：[1]包头市威丰稀土电磁材料股份有限公司,内蒙古包头014010 [2]内蒙古科技大学材料与冶金学院(稀土学院),内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《轻合金加工技术》2022年第4期14-20,共7页Light Alloy Fabrication Technology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2018MS05008);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2020MS05046);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0096)。

摘　　要：应用新型电磁能晶粒细化处理技术对Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金的微观组织进行细化,采用光学显微镜(OM)与场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)观察微观组织,X射线衍射仪分析物相,等离子发射光谱仪检测铸锭横断面化学成分,探究电磁参数对合金微观组织的影响。试验结果表明:在电磁能作用下,α-Al晶粒平均尺寸与一次枝晶臂、二次枝晶臂间距减小,耐热相尺寸减小、数目增多、分布状态改变,成分偏析被明显改善。当占空比为0.2的脉冲电磁场时,铸锭心部组织中初生相α-Al一次枝晶臂间距为60.4μm,二次枝晶臂间距尺寸为13.67μm,α-Al晶粒平均尺寸为240μm;边部组织中初生相α-Al二次枝晶臂间距尺寸减小到7.8μm,初生相α-Al一次枝晶臂间距尺寸为22.63μm,α-Al晶粒平均尺寸为170μm。在电磁能作用下,溶质元素Si、Cu、Mg相对偏析度降低,元素分布更加均匀,溶质元素的成分偏析被显著改善。电磁能作用下有序排列原子集团的数目增加、尺寸减小是电磁能细化Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金微观组织的关键。The microstructure of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni piston alloy was refined by applying a new electromagnetic energy grain refinement treatment technique.The microstructure was observed by optical microscopy(OM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),the physical phase was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer,and the cross-sectional chemical composition of ingots was examined by plasma emission spectrometry to investigate the effect of electromagnetic parameters on the microstructure of the alloy.The results show that in the effect of electromagnetic energy,the average size of α-Al grain and the spacing of primary and secondary dendrite arms decrease,the size of heat-resistant phases decreases,the number increases,the distribution state changes,and the composition segregation is significantly improved.When the duty cycle is 0.2,for the primary phase α-Al in the core structure,the primary dendrite arm spacing is 60.4 μm,the secondary dendrite arm spacing is 13.67 μm,and the average size of α-Al grains is 240 μm;for the primary phase α-Al in the edge structure,the secondary dendrite arm spacing is reduced to 7.8 μm,the primary dendrite arm spacing is 22.63 μm,and the average size of α-Al is 170 μm.In the effect of the electromagnetic energy,the relative segregation of solute elements Si,Cu and Mg are reduced,the distribution of elements is more uniform,and the composition segregation of solute elements is significantly improved.The increase in the number and decrease in the size of ordered atomic groups in the effect of the electromagnetic energy is the key to the refinement of the microstructure of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni piston alloy by electromagnetic energy.

关 键 词：Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金 脉冲电磁场 成分偏析 电磁能 

分 类 号：TG146.21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG292[金属学及工艺—金属材料]