中国大城市生产率优势分解:行业结构差异的新视角  

Decomposition of Big City’s Productivity Advantage in China: A New Perspective of Industrial Structure Differences

作　　者：李晓萍[1] 罗俊 江飞涛[2] 陈强远 LI Xiao-ping;LUO Jun;JIANG Fei-tao;CHEN Qiang-yuan(School of Business,Central South University,Changsha 410017,China;Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China;National Academy of Development and strategy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学商学院 [2]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所 [3]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2022年第4期99-117,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国产业政策与竞争政策协同的理论基础与实施路径研究”(批准号72173138);国家自然科学基金面上项目“迈向高质量的中国城市技术创新:测度、机理与效应”(批准号72073093);中国人民大学科学研究基金面上项目“技术创新质量的微观测度与提升机制设计”(批准号21XNA008)。

摘　　要：对于大城市生产率优势的来源,现有研究主要将其归结于异质性企业空间选择的影响,但忽略了城市间行业结构差异可能产生的影响。鉴于此,本文将行业结构差异纳入异质性企业空间选择的分析框架,对大城市生产率优势的来源进行理论建模,然后通过反事实构造和数值模拟方法,对异质性企业空间选择与行业结构差异的贡献进行分解,进而利用“无条件分布特征—参数对应”分析方法和中国工业企业微观数据,对其贡献进行识别。研究发现:城市间行业结构差异,平均看可以直接解释大城市生产率优势的8.24%,而与异质性企业空间选择共同作用的间接贡献则达到9.2%。因此,忽略城市间行业结构差异的影响,会导致大城市集聚效应的高估。在考虑行业结构差异后,异质性企业空间选择仍是大城市生产率优势的主要来源。分行业的结果表明,各行业普遍存在集聚效应和分类效应,但选择效应可能不显著甚至为负,这一结果对于实现城市间行业的合理分工及企业合理布局以促进中国经济高质量发展具有重要的启示意义。本研究为剖析大城市生产率优势的来源提出了新的解释,也为避免集聚效应的高估以及探寻生产率提升的产业空间分工路径提供了微观证据。As for the source of productivity advantage in big cities, existing studies mainly attributed it to the influence of spatial relocation of heterogeneous firms, but ignored the possible role of industrial structure differences between cities. By introducing industry structure difference into the framework of spatial relocation of heterogeneous firms, this paper first establishes a theoretical model to explore the source of productivity advantage of big cities. Moreover, by the approach of counterfactual estimation and numerical simulation, this paper decomposes the contribution of spatial relocation and industry structure difference. Finally, this paper uses the “unconditional distribution feature-parameter correspondence” approach and micro-level data of Chinese industrial enterprises to identify their respective contributions. The results show that the industrial structure difference between cities can directly explain 8.24% of the productivity advantage of big cities on average, while the indirect contribution of the joint effect with the spatial choice of heterogeneous firms is 9.2%. Therefore, it will lead to the overestimation of agglomeration effect of big cities if the impact of industrial structure differences among cities is ignored. In addition, even the difference of industrial structure considered, the spatial relocation of heterogeneous firms is still the main source of productivity advantage of big cities;further, the results show that the agglomeration effect and the sorting effect are common in different industries, but the selection effect may be not significant or even negative. The results have enlightenment significance for realizing the rational division of labor among cities and industries and the rational distribution of enterprises to promote the high-quality development of China’s economy. This article provides a new explanation for analyzing the source of productivity advantage of big cities and finds evidence to avoiding the overestimation of agglomeration effect and exploring the

关 键 词：城市规模 生产率优势 行业结构差异 企业异质性 贡献分解 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]