灌水器间距对涌泉根灌双点源交汇入渗水氮运移特性影响研究  

Effect of Emitter Spacing on Nitrogen Transport Characteristics of Intersecting Two Point Sources in Bubbled-root Irrigation

作　　者：何振嘉 史仝乐 傅渝亮 费良军[5] HE Zhenjia;SHI Tongle;FU Yuliang;FEI Liangjun(Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710075,China;China Shaanxi Highstandard Farmland Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Shaanxi Xianyang 712100,China;Shaanxi Construction Land Survey Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710075,China;School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China;State Key Laboratory of Ecological Water Conservancy Engineering in Northwest Arid Regions,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司,西安710075 [2]中陕高标准农田建设集团有限公司,陕西咸阳712100 [3]陕西地建土地勘测规划设计院有限责任公司,西安710075 [4]华北水利水电大学水利学院,郑州450045 [5]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第5期157-169,共13页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51779205);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司科研项目(DJNY2022-53,DJNY2022-54);陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司创新团队项目(DJTD-2022-5)。

摘　　要：为研究不同灌水器间距对湿润体特性及水氮运移规律的影响,优化涌泉根灌灌水器相关技术要素,在西北农林科技大学远志山试验站进行了双点源交汇入渗试验。试验设置3个灌水器间距水平(40、50、60 cm),肥液质量浓度为10 g·L^(-1),涌泉根灌灌水器流量为5 L·h^(-1),探究不同灌水器间距对涌泉根灌肥液交汇入渗特性及湿润锋运移规律、土壤水分、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)分布特性的影响。结果表明,涌泉根灌不同条件下,自由入渗和交汇入渗累积入渗量、增渗量以及不同方向湿润锋运移距离均与灌水器间距呈正比例幂函数关系(R^(2)>0.9,P<0.01);灌水器间距越大,交汇面向上、向下湿润锋运移距离越小(P<0.05);交汇入渗侧土壤含水率降低幅度小于自由入渗侧,灌水器间距越大,交汇面湿润程度越低(P<0.05);自由入渗条件下,距灌水器出水口距离越大,NH_(4)^(+)-N含量降低越显著(P<0.05),而交汇入渗侧NH_(4)^(+)-N含量降低幅度小于自由入渗侧;NO_(3)^(-)-N含量在不同时刻、不同位置有较大差异,灌水结束后,湿润区表层土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量略有降低,水分分布时间越长,不同土层深度处的NO_(3)^(-)-N含量越高(P<0.05)。建立了涌泉根灌交汇入渗累积入渗量、湿润锋运移距离随时间和灌水器间距变化的数学模型,其中模型参数K、a与灌水器间距呈幂函数关系变化,K值随间距的增加而减小,a值随间距的增加而增大;建立了土壤含水率、土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N及NO_(3)^(-)-N含量与灌水器距离之间的关系模型,并对入渗土体任一点至灌水器中心距离r处土壤含水率、NH_(4)^(+)-N及NO_(3)^(-)-N含量进行了定量估算,估算结果偏差在±10%以内。研究结果为涌泉根灌节水灌溉技术的进一步完善奠定了科学基础。In order to optimize the relevant technical elements of the bubbled-root irrigation,a dual-point source intersection infiltration test was carried out at Yuanzhishan experimental station of Northwest A&F University to study the influence of different irrigator spacing on the characteristics of the wet body and the law of water and nitrogen transport.Three levels of irrigator spacing(40,50,and 60 cm)were set in this experiment,the mass concentration of fertilizer solution was 10 g·L^(-1),and the flow rate of bubbled-root irrigation irrigator was 5 L·h^(-1),the effects of different distance of irrigators on the infiltration characteristics of fertilizer solution,the migration law of wetting front,soil moisture,and distribution characteristics of ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N).The research showed that the cumulative infiltration amount and the increased infiltration amount of free infiltration and intersection infiltration under different conditions of the bubbled-root irrigation or the distance of the wetting front in different directions of the bubbled-root irrigation,which all had a positive proportional power function relationship with the distance between irrigators(R^(2)>0.9,P<0.01).The larger the distance between the irrigators,the smaller the migration distance of the wetting front moving upward and downward on the intersection surface(P<0.05),and the reduction of soil moisture content on the infiltration side of the intersection was smaller than that on the free infiltration side,the larger the distance between the irrigators,the lower the wetness degree of the intersection surface(P<0.05).Under the condition of free infiltration,the greater the distance from the water outlet of the irrigator,the decrease of NH_(4)^(+)-N content was more significant(P<0.05),while the decrease of NH_(4)^(+)-N content on the convergent infiltration side was smaller than that on the free infiltration side.The NO_(3)^(-)-N content varies greatly at different times and positions.After irrigat

关 键 词：涌泉根灌 灌水器间距 湿润体 双点源交汇入渗 水氮运移 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]