负载量水平对矮化自根砧富士苹果生长发育和果实品质的影响  

Effects of fruit load on growth,development and fruit quality of Fuji apple on dwarfing rootstock

作　　者：刘丽[1] 石彩云 魏志峰[1] 徐玉西 李秋利[1] 高登涛[1] LIU Li;SHI Caiyun;WEI Zhifeng;XU Yuxi;LI Qiuli;GAO Dengtao(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第6期982-991,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2019YFD1001403-3A);兵团重大科技项目(2019AA004);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610192021203)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同负载量对M9T337矮化自根砧富士高纺锤树形树体枝类组成、叶片生长和果实品质的影响,确定适宜的负载量水平,为生产中合理负载提供依据。【方法】以5年生M9T337矮化自根砧富士为材料,设计6个负载量水平处理(Ⅰ:每平方厘米干截面积留果2个;Ⅱ:每平方厘米干截面积留果3个;Ⅲ:每平方厘米干截面积留果4个;Ⅳ:每平方厘米干截面积留果5个;Ⅴ:每平方厘米干截面积留果6个;Ⅵ:每平方厘米干截面积留果7个),调查树体生长情况和不同类型枝条的数量、叶片相对叶绿素含量、叶片面积、净光合速率、果实品质和产量等指标。【结果】随着负载量的增大,5年生M9T337矮化自根砧富士的长枝数量、中枝数量、短枝数量和总枝量变化趋势不明显。叶片相对叶绿素含量和净光合速率随负载量的增大先增高后降低,叶片面积和单果质量逐渐减少,果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、L值基本都呈下降趋势,a、b先增加后减少,维生素C含量、可滴定酸含量和果实硬度无明显变化规律。【结论】M9T337矮化自根砧富士高纺锤树形较适宜的负载量为每平方厘米干截面积留5个果,产量为6.27×10^(4) kg·hm^(-2),总枝量为3.03×10^(5)个·hm^(-2),利用隶属函数法对叶片指标、果实指标及产量综合评价排名最高。【Objective】The effects of different load levels on the branch composition,relative content of chlorophyll(SPAD),leaf area,net photosynthetic rate,fruit quality and yield of Fuji trees on M9T337 dwarfing rootstock with tall-spindle system were studied to determine the appropriate load level,so as to provide reference for reasonable load in production.【Methods】The materials were 5-yearold Fuji trees on M9T337 dwarfing rootstock.Six load-level treatments(Ⅰ:2 fruits retained per square centimeter of trunk cross-sectional area(TCSA);Ⅱ:3 fruits retained per square centimeter of TCSA;Ⅲ:4 fruits retained per square centimeter of TCSA;Ⅳ:5 fruits retained per square centimeter of TCSA;Ⅴ:6 fruits retained per square centimeter of TCSA;Ⅵ:7 fruits retained per square centimeter of TCSA)were designed in this experiment.The tree canopy was divided into three heights:lower(less than 1.0 m from the ground),middle(1.0-2.0 m from the ground)and upper(more than 2.0 m from the ground).The experiment was carried out after physiological fruit drop,and the load was determined by the trunk cross-sectional area.The trees with different loads were managed as usual.The development of the trees,the number of different types of branches[Long shoots(>60 cm,>30-60 cm),middle shoots(>5-15 cm,>15-30 cm),spur shoots(≤5 cm)],SPAD,leaf area,net photosynthetic rate,fruit quality and yield were investigated.Excel was used to sort out the obtained data,and SPSS 22.0 was used for analysis of variance.【Results】With the increase of fruit load,the change trend of the number of long shoots(>60 cm,>30-60 cm),middle shoots(>5-15cm,>15-30 cm)and spur shoots(≤5 cm)and total branches of 5-year-old Fuji trees on M9T337 dwarfing rootstock were not obvious.In this study,it was found that the 5-year-old Fuji on M9T337 dwarfing rootstock with tall-spindle system had 128 branches per tree,the total branches were 3.03×10^(5) per hm^(2),and the yield was 6.27×10^(4) kg·hm^(-2).When the load was 2 fruits retained per square centimeter of TC

关 键 词：富士苹果 M9T337矮化自根砧 负载量 枝类组成 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]