低分子有机酸水溶肥提升梨叶片光合、养分吸收及果实品质  

Low molecular weight organic acid water-soluble fertilizer improves leaf photosynthesis,nutrient absorption and fruit quality of pear

作　　者：邵微[1,2] 徐国益 于会丽 高登涛[1] 刘远[1] 司鹏 SHAO Wei;XU Guoyi;YU Huili;GAO Dengtao;LIU Yuan;SI Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第6期992-1003,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：特色林果业(红枣、苹果、香梨和葡萄)简约栽培标准化模式研究与示范推广(2019AA004);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200405);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹项目(Y2021XC07-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】从梨叶片光合特性、养分吸收及果实品质方面,探讨低分子有机酸(Low Molecular Weight Organic Acid,LMWOAs)对梨树体生长与果实品质的作用效果。【方法】以红宝石梨为试材,设置5%与10%的苹果酸(LM与HM)、柠檬酸(LC与HC)及草酸(LO与HO)与氮磷钾肥配施处理(其中5%与10%分别表示LMWOAs占氮磷钾肥料总量的5%与10%),以单独施用氮磷钾肥为对照,测定不同有机酸含量对果实叶片生长量与光合参数、养分吸收以及果实品质等指标的影响。【结果】与对照相比,LMWOAs处理下叶绿素Ⅱ含量均有提高,其中柠檬酸处理(LC与HC)较对照显著提高7%与16.6%。草酸处理下净光合速率(P_(n))较对照显著提高47.86%与57.79%,而水分利用率(WUE)则分别显著提高92.63%与127.92%。从叶片功能得分表可知,LMWOAs处理能显著提高梨叶片功能,综合得分为草酸>柠檬酸>苹果酸。苹果酸处理(LM与HM)、5%柠檬酸(LC)与草酸(LO)显著提高了梨产量,其中LM处理的产量最高,较对照提高39.25%。比较各LMWOAs处理果皮着色指标发现,LM处理的着色最佳,而HM处理的着色最为不理想。LM、LC及HO处理的可溶性糖含量显著高于对照,其中LM处理最高,较对照升高22.98%。LM处理糖酸比显著高于其他处理,较对照显著上升18.61%,较HC处理显著升高38.15%。由果实品质得分可知,LM处理的得分最高,而以草酸处理的(LO与HO)得分最低。比较5%(LM)与10%苹果酸(HM)处理可知,苹果酸含量对于果实品质排名影响较大。另外,LM处理的叶片与果实中的P、K含量均高于对照,其中K含量显著高于对照。【结论】苹果酸、柠檬酸及草酸处理均能显著提升叶片功能与果实品质,其中草酸处理对叶片功能生长促进效果最佳,而5%苹果酸对于果实品质的提升效果最佳。【Objective】Excessive application of chemical fertilizers for high yield causes problems such as soil compaction,acidification,and salinization in the orchard,leading to nutrient imbalance of fruit trees and decline of fruit yield and quality.With the upgrading of the fruit industry and the urgent requirements for fruit quality and efficiency,more reasonable fertilization regimes have been developed through the development of new types of fertilizers for fruit trees and the other achievements for soil health.Low molecular weight organic acids(LMWOAs),are involved in the transportation of carbon and reducing power between the cytoplasm and organelles,and are the linkers of multiple metabolic pathways in cells.Moreover,LMWOAs have strong chelating power and can form complexes with various metal ions to increase the absorption of metal ions by plants.The study aimed to detect the effects of LMWOAs in fertilizers on the growth and fruit quality in pear through evaluating pear leaf photosynthesis,nutrient absorption and fruit quality.We explored the potential of LMWOAs as a synergist for increasing the efficiency of pear fertilizers,and then determined the kind of best organic acid(s)and its optimal concentration as a synergist for fruit trees,in order to develop a new type of special water-soluble fertilizer for pears industry.【Methods】Hongbaoshi pear trees were used as experimental materials,5% and 10% malic acid(LM and HM),citric acid(LC and HC),and oxalic acid(LO and HO)combined with NPK fertilizers were set as treatments,NPK fertilizer without additive organic acid was used as control to determine the effects of different organic acids on fruit leaf growth and photosynthetic parameters,nutrient absorption and fruit quality.【Results】Compared with the control,the LMWOAs increased the content of chlorophyll Ⅱ,and LC and HC significantly increased it by 7% and 16.6%,respectively.The LMWOAs increased the P_(n)(net photosynthetic rate)and WUE(water use efficiency)value.While the LO and HO increased the P_(

关 键 词：红宝石梨 低分子有机酸 叶片光合 养分吸收 果实品质 果皮色差 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]