负载量对桃叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effects of fruit loads on photosynthetic characteristics of peach leaves and fruit quality

作　　者：王晓俊 张斌斌[1] 马瑞娟[1] 郭绍雷 郭磊[1] 俞明亮[1] WANG Xiaojun;ZHANG Binbin;MARuijuan;GUO Shaolei;GUO Lei;YU Mingliang(Institute of Pomology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院果树研究所·江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京210014 [2]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第6期1004-1016,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-30);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JATS[2019]401、JATS[2020]379、JATS[2021]425)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同负载量对桃叶片光合特性、果实品质及树体生长发育的影响,以期为桃树的合理负载提供理论依据。【方法】以9年生霞晖8号桃为试材,在5月初(定果后2 d)、6月上旬(硬核期)、7月下旬(采前10 d)、8月初(采后2 d)4个时期测定不同负载量下成熟叶片光合特性、光合产物含量;果实成熟时,测定果实相关品质指标;冬季落叶后调查花芽、叶芽数量及不同结果枝数量。【结果】负载量下降,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率、表观光能利用效率、表观CO_(2)利用效率和可溶性糖及糖醇含量总体均呈下降趋势,但果实大小、单果质量、果实可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、可溶性糖及糖醇含量均显著升高。此外,随着负载量降低,树体花芽数量增加,叶芽数量减少;枝类组成中,长果枝的比例增加,短果枝则相反。【结论】综合比较认为,田间栽培中,霞晖8号桃成年树留果50%左右(约8500个·666.7 m^(-2)),可获得较好的果实品质,能保证较高的产量,且有助于树体的营养积累。【Objective】Fruit thinning technology has been widely used in fruit production for overcoming the phenomenon of biennial bearing,maintaining stable yield and improving fruit quality.The amount of fruit loads directly determines the sink-source ratio of trees,and then affects the growth and development of vegetative and reproductive organs of the fruit trees.The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fruit loads on chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic compound output in the leaves,fruit quality and growth and development of peach trees in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving fruit quality and tree growth and development.【Methods】9 years old Xiahui 8 peach trees were used as experimental materials,and the experiment included 5 treatments:T1(keeping 100% fruits on the tree),T2(keeping 75% fruits on the tree),T3(keeping 50% fruits on the tree),T4(keeping 25% fruits on the tree)and T5(keeping 0 fruits on the tree,control).The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and photocompound content of the mature leaves were measured in early May(2 d after fruit thinning),early June(fruit core-hardening period),late July(10 d before harvest)and early August(2 d after harvest).In addition,two days after fruit thinning,10 fruits(except for the control)were labeled in the middle periphery of each tree,and the longitudinal,transverse and lateral diameters of the fruits were measured every 10 days until the fruits matured.At the fruit maturity stage,30 fruits were uniformly collected for each treatment(10 fruits for a repeat,three repeats)for evaluation of the fruit quality.After the leaf fall,the number of flower and leaf buds,internode length of branches and the number of fruit-bearing branches for different treatments were investigated.All data were statistically analyzed.【Results】On 2 d after fruit thinning,different tree loads had no significant effect on the leaf chlorophyll content,but the leaf chlorophyll content decreased with the decrease of the tree loads in th

关 键 词：桃 负载量 光合特性 果实品质 生长发育 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]